Protective Effects of Different Parts of Sprouted Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Oxidative Stress in C2C12 Myoblasts and Myotubes

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate the effect of different sprouting periods (5, 10, and 15 days) and sprouted garlic (SG) parts (clove, root, and sprout) on repairing skeletal muscle injury by enhancing antioxidant capacity and promoting muscle differentiation. The antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of different sprouting periods and SG part extracts were evaluated in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-exposed C2C12 cells. Among the three sprouting periods and three SG parts, SG harvested at 10 days showed significantly higher protective activities. SG treatment mitigated H₂O₂-mediated stress damage in C2C12 cells by increasing glutathione levels and decreasing the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels. SG also enhanced muscle differentiation and inhibited muscle protein degradation. In conclusion, this study suggested that 10-day SG sprouts could serve as an effective nutraceutical for improving muscle function and combating oxidative stress.