抄録
Soil microorganisms play a central role in ecosystem services, contributing to improved crop productivity, mitigation of continuous cropping obstacles, protection of water quality, enhancement of human health, increased carbon sequestration, and alleviation of climate change. In recent years, the soil microbiome has emerged as a critical area in soil health assessment, offering novel directions for developing biological indicators and constructing soil health evaluation systems. In arid regions, the microbiome exhibits distinct regional characteristics, significantly influencing sustainable agricultural development through its involvement in nutrient cycling, water utilization, and ecosystem functionality. However, research on the relationship between soil microorganisms and soil health in arid areas faces numerous challenges, such as insufficient exploration of region-specific mechanisms and limitations in applying cross-scale analytical methods. This paper systematically reviews the functional mechanisms of soil microorganisms in ecosystem services, summarizes the development and application of the microbiome as an indicator for soil health evaluation, and highlights the research progress and knowledge gaps in understanding soil microorganisms and soil health in arid regions. The findings aim to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for future research and offer a scientific basis for sustainable agricultural development in arid regions and global climate change adaptation strategies.
