Personalized Learning Environments—Core Concepts, Technologies and Practices

Abstract

In its first part, this paper revisits and discusses central concepts related to Personalized Learning Environments, including pedagogical definitions and essential goals of personalized learning. It also reviews the historical origins of agent support in intelligent tutoring systems, specific educational technologies such as web-based learning environments and educational recommender systems, adaptive curricula and individualized learning paths, as well as approaches to metacognitive and motivational scaffolding. On this basis, four examples of personalized learning environments are classified and compared regarding their main features. Finally, directions for future research are indicated.