協同と競爭に關する實驗的研究 (I)
集團の凝集力に及ぼす影響
1951 年 22 巻 2 号 p. 124-127
詳細
1951 年 22 巻 2 号 p. 124-127
Problem: To determine the effects of cooperative and competitive social situations on group cohesiveness. Subjects: 16 experimntal groups were established; each group was composed of five fifth-grade boys of a primary school. Eight groups were assigned to cooperative situation, others competitive situation.
Procedure: Before the experimental session, ten boys were assembled and each boy was made choose four boys from among them for his partners. From these ten boys (Group X) two groups (X1, X2) were formed in such a way that each group found approximately half of its sociometric choices in its own group and the remaining half in the other group. One (X1) of these two groups was brought into competition with a group of five boys (Y1) formed from among the other ten boys (Group Y). X1 and Y1 were indifferent to each other in the sociometric choice. The members of this group (X1) were expected to cooperate with one another to win against the opposing team (Y1) in the experimental tasks. The mnembers of another group (X2) were brought into competition mith one another in the experimental tasks. The tasks given to the subjects consisted of twenty questions, story telling, etc. At the conclusion of the experiment, the sociometric questions were repeated,
Result: Amount of shift toward increased proportion of own group choices was taken as the measure of increased cohesiveness. For cooperative groups the changes in cohesiveness which resulted from the experimental treatment were in the positive direction, the difference being statistically significant. The cohesiveness of competitive groups did not increase significantly
