The context of a Not in my backyard (NIMBY) facility, a type of public goods, can be established as a NIMBY dilemma because it includes the moral dilemma that requires an ethical judgment, the rightness or wrongness of a utilitarian choice to save the majority at the expense of the minority. This study examined the effects of moral judgment, empathic concern, and relational mobility on people's judgments in the NIMBY dilemma. Participants who evaluated an utilitarian choice as right in the moral dilemma also rated them as right in the NIMBY dilemma. Ethical evaluation in the moral dilemma was also found to be a positive determinant for ethical evaluation and utilitarian behavioral intention in the NIMBY dilemma. Furthermore, empathic concern was negatively related to utilitarian intentions in the NIMBY dilemma, while inference about the ethical evaluation of others had positive relations. These suggested that intuitive processes, such as moral judgment and empathic concern, intervene decision making in the NIMBY dilemma. We discussed the moral tragedy in which individual moral judgment and empathic concern may lead to collective consequences that undermine public goods.

While the link between autism and gender dysphoria (GD) has received increasing attention, the phenomenon of GD co-occurring with autism remains unclear owing to the lack of autistic transgender perspectives. A recent qualitative analysis found that their GD (i.e., dysphoria related to gender norms) may be a subset of pervasive social dysphoria (PSD: dysphoria related to pervasive social norms), suggesting a link between autism and PSD. To further investigate this hypothesis, we described all their dysphoria about social norms, including GD, at each developmental stage, by examining the life stories of 14 autistic participants who experienced GD as a subset of PSD. We also found that GD may become more prominent than dysphoria over other social norms because of the strong influence of gender norms, which have two characteristics: (a) gender norms are more recognizable from early childhood, and (b) after puberty, gender norms increase their influence on and merge with other norms. Thus, future studies should investigate whether there is a link between autism and GD, or instead, PSD.

This study sought to discover regulations for the social interaction process (i.e., combination of attitudes) between managers and employees in a department employing persons with mental disability certificates at a special subsidiary company that promotes the employment of persons with disabilities. The goal was to establish a theory for processes that enable improved support for persons with disabilities in the workplace. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten managers (five male and five female) at the special subsidiary company A. Based on the grounded theory approach (GTA), the results showed three situations that managers and able-bodied employees may experience related to workplace support, and the conditions, strategies, and consequences of each. The study revealed the mutual attitudes of managers and able-bodied employees that can lead to more desirable outcomes for support, including psychological and performance stability in the workplace. In order to achieve better support for employees with disabilities, skill and attitude development of three parties is needed: managers, able-bodied employees, and the employees with disabilities who receive the support.

This study examined whether young children integrate pre- and post- observed statistical patterns to infer two types of likelihoods. In Experiment 1 (N = 103, M = 68.47 months) and Experiment 2 (N = 51, M = 67.88 months), we presented 4- to 6-year-olds with two statistical patterns. The results showed that when the integrated probability was 50% vs 50%, participants inferred that the two likelihoods were equal. In contrast, when the integrated probability was 75% vs 25%, participants correctly inferred the height of each likelihood in only one of the three conditions and a certain number of participants incorrectly inferred that the likelihoods were equal. In addition, the older the age, the better the task performance. These results show that young children can infer that two likelihoods are equal based on the two statistical patterns. Furthermore, these results suggest that as children get older, they are able not only to infer that both are possible, but also to infer whether each of two likelihoods is high or low.

We aimed to examine whether a member with higher cognitive centrality could make accurate decisions in a multi-attribute decision-making task. Previous studies have indicated that group decisions often result in negative outcomes when relying on shared information. Nevertheless, considering the reliability and validity of shared information, using it in discussions may yield positive results. This study focuses on cognitive centrality, which is defined as the amount of shared information held by group members within a socio-cognitive network. Previous research has shown that members with higher cognitive centrality influence group decision-making, as they are often regarded as experts. This suggests they may be more accurate in their decision-making. However, empirical studies on the relationship between cognitive centrality and decision accuracy are scarce. To test this relationship, a two-choice task concerning the population of Japanese prefectures was administered to 150 participants. The results indicated that there was no clear relationship between cognitive centrality and the accuracy of decision-making.

Anger regulation is significant because anger can lead to social problems such as aggressive driving and abuse. This study aimed to systematically review anger regulation strategies and to synthesize research on their characteristics, concerns, and effectiveness. A literature search using the Web of Science and citation screening identified 76 articles on anger regulation. Based on the framework of the process model of emotion regulation, each anger regulation strategy was classified into the specific groups of situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive change, response modulation, strategies to increase the effectiveness of anger regulation, and assessed for validity on subjective anger experience, physiological responses, and aggressive behavior. For subjective anger, cognitive change and attention deployment, such as reappraisal and distraction, were shown to be most effective, whereas response modulation, such as acceptance, venting, and suppression, were not. For aggressive behavior, response modulation by inducing sadness and situation modification that counteracts approach motivation were suggested to be more effective than reappraisal. It is important to use the most appropriate anger regulation strategy depending on the purpose and context.