社会的態度の測定論的研究 (IV) R. T. 2因子について

田中 国夫; 松山 安雄

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.26.141

社会的態度の測定論的研究 (IV)

R. T. 2因子について

田中国夫, 松山安雄

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1955 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 141-147

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.26.141

詳細

発行日: 1955 年受付日: - J-STAGE公開日: 2010/07/16 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: 訂正前 : 本報告は, Eysenck, H. J. の見出した社会的態度の因子構造, 即ちR. T. 2因子の普遍的妥当性を検討すべく, 我国に於けるその構造の様相を究め, Eysenck, H. J. の諸研究と比較するのをその目的としたものである。Eysenck, H. J. は, 彼の研究の結果得た2因子は社会的態度研究の記述的な水準に強固な基礎を与えるものであるとし, そのinvarianceを確証するため, 英国以外のドイツ, 米国, スウエーデンに於て追試的研究の資料を得これ等の国々の間に明かに類似した態度Patternを見出す事に成功した。又彼の態度因子構造は他の研究者達に依つて異つた手段と分析法により得られた結果と良く一致するものである。
我々の得た資料も, この2因子の普遍的妥当性を強めるものである。本研究の概要は次の如きものである。
1. 用いた被験者は, 諸種の階層より集めた男女計355名である。このSampleは明かに日本の代表的Sampleではない。しかし乍ら因子分析の技法に於ては, 意図的なSamplingのbiasすらもその結果を曲げなかつたと云うEysenck, H. J. の研究に従うならば, 此等の被験者は有効であると云えよう。
2. 諸種の社会的事象に対する意見38項目をその内容とする質問紙を, 上記被験者に与えその賛否を無記名回答させた。この質問紙は, Eysenck, H. J. のoriginalなものを飜案したものである。
3. 諸項目間の相関を, tetrachoric γ methodによつて求め, 得た所の相関matrixをcentroid methodで因子分析した。
4. 得た所の2因子は, 明らかにEysenck, H. J. のそれと一致して居り, R因子 (Radicalism-Conservatism) 及びT因子 (Tender-mindedness-Tough-mindedness) と命名する事が出来る。
5. 因子matrixより, 態度の因子構造を表現した。そこに見出された因子溝造は, 英国, ドイツに於けるものと明かな類似を示している。
6. 項目の位置には幾分の差異が見出される。異つた社会的文化的背景を持つ国々に於て完全な一致を見出し得ぬ事は当然である。この差異についての考察は, 態度の発生に関する研究の貧弱な現在は表面的に終らざるを得ない。
7. 要ずるに我々の得た態度の因子構造は, 英国, 米国, ドイツ, スエーデンの集団から得られたものと, 同一ではないにしても非常に類似している事が結論づけられる。この結論は, Eysenck, H. J. の原理の妥当性, 普遍性をより大にするものであると云つている。

訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Right : Eysenck made an attempt to integrate the findings of Thurstone, Carlson and Ferguson in the factorial study of social attitudes. It was found that when the original two centroid axis in each of thvarious analysis were super-imposed on each other, similar items from the diffefent researches fell into the four quadrants. The first axis or factor was interpreted as“radicalism-conservatism”. The second factor was interpreted as “tough-minded-tender-minded.” The first factor was called R, the second factor T. Proof for the correct identification of the two factors was obtained by some studies.
The analysis of social attitudes into two main factors may thus be regarded as having a considerable degree of validity. And it appears to be relatively independent of the country in which the analysis is carried out for the particular items or scale employed. Some investigations recently have shown that a very similar pattern to Eysenck's finding in England emerged in different cultures, such as the American, Swedish, and the German, where the set of questions used in the previous analysis was given to samples in each of these countries respectively.
We used Eysenck's original questionnaire. And we attempted to compare the factorial structure of social attitudes that we found in samples of the Japanese with their results. 355 males and females were selected randomly from the various social classes. Responses to the 38 statements were then intercorrelated. And the tetrachofic correlation coefficients were calculated. A factor analysis was carried out with the matrix, and two main factors extracted. These factors could be called definitely R and T as well as in Eysenck's result. These two factors were plotted in diagramatic form and we found the factorial structure of social attitudes in Japan. This result showed that almost every detail could be matched with the studies in various countries. But this Similarity is not complete. Such differences are relatively few, and are usually easily understood in terms of definite historical causes.

抄録

Eysenck made an attempt to integrate the findings of Thurstone, Carlson and Ferguson in the factorial study of social attitudes. It was found that when the original two centroid axis in each of thvarious analysis were super-imposed on each other, similar items from the diffefent researches fell into the four quadrants. The first axis or factor was interpreted as“radicalism-conservatism”. The second factor was interpreted as “tough-minded-tender-minded.” The first factor was called R, the second factor T. Proof for the correct identification of the two factors was obtained by some studies.
The analysis of social attitudes into two main factors may thus be regarded as having a considerable degree of validity. And it appears to be relatively independent of the country in which the analysis is carried out for the particular items or scale employed. Some investigations recently have shown that a very similar pattern to Eysenck's finding in England emerged in different cultures, such as the American, Swedish, and the German, where the set of questions used in the previous analysis was given to samples in each of these countries respectively.
We used Eysenck's original questionnaire. And we attempted to compare the factorial structure of social attitudes that we found in samples of the Japanese with their results. 355 males and females were selected randomly from the various social classes. Responses to the 38 statements were then intercorrelated. And the tetrachofic correlation coefficients were calculated. A factor analysis was carried out with the matrix, and two main factors extracted. These factors could be called definitely R and T as well as in Eysenck's result. These two factors were plotted in diagramatic form and we found the factorial structure of social attitudes in Japan. This result showed that almost every detail could be matched with the studies in various countries. But this Similarity is not complete. Such differences are relatively few, and are usually easily understood in terms of definite historical causes.

責任著者(Corresponding author)

訂正情報

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