協同作業における作業者相互の関連について

その作業能率に及ぼす影響

抄録

This investigation was carried out for the purpose of clarifying mutual human relations of workers which seems to be the important determinant of the results in co-operative performance. For this purpose two experiments were undertaken.
The first experiment was arranged to see how the different combinations of workers of different sexes influence the result of cooperative performance. The results show that the different combinations clearly influence the degree of predictability of the results co-operative performance from the results of the individual workers, including the amount of production and the degree of precision of the work done. The combination of only female workers showed their maladjustment to the new situation with their partner created by co-operation, and proved the most inefficient in productivity as compared with the other combinations.
It is apparent that the only female group is apt to be influenced by factors of a social situation, and is lacking in stability.
The second experiment was focussed upon the combination of only female workers and arranged to manipulate the factors that influence the social situation and to clarify the nature of the mutual relation between the two female workers.
The results show that the instruction given to the workers to workers td work competitively functioned to lower to the degree of the precision of the work done.
While the instruction to work co-operatively could not produce the result ordinarily to be expected in other co-operative situations.
Therefore it is necessary to consider the internal relationship of the performance group in its qualitative aspect. In these experiments, those groups that proved the most efficient in productivity are the combination of two workers having a fine record of efficiency, under the instruction to work competitively, and the combination of workers of low efficiency under the instruction ‘to work co-operatively.’
The results applicable to the two experiments are summarized as follows :
(1) The results of co-operative performance cannot be fully predicted from the results of individual workers. In co-operative performance, the important factor to decide its result is the human relations between the co-operative workers.
(2) The result of co-operative performance is not the issue of equal participation of the two workers, but much dependent upon either of them. Accordingly, there will be a leader in co-operation.
(3) The effective combination in co-operative performance can be seen in rather a heterogeneous combination, such as male and female, higher and lower in his individual efficiency, competitive and co-operative than a homogeneous one. From this standpoint, we can say that the differenciation of a group may be desirable for production of leadership.
(4) The group which has high probability of prediction about the result of co-operation, is superior in both quality and quantity of performance, and the reverse is also true. This fact manifests that the group which is influenced little by the factors. of situational alternation, and can exhibit desirably individual capacity, may be the excellent co-operative performance group.