心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
時間条件反射の研究
千葉 康則巫 水綿田中 守也
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ジャーナル フリー

1957 年 28 巻 4 号 p. 198-202

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When a food introduction is repeated at intervals of precisely five minutes, the dog begins to secrete saliva when about five minutes have passed after the preceding food introduction. We name the secretion thus produced “time salivary secretion”, which is caused by time conditioned reflex. In the present studies, the nature of the time salivary secretion and the physiological character of the stimulus which produces the salivary secretion have been sought.
Results :
1) When a food introduction was accompanied with a sound stimulus, the time conditioned reflex was established sooner.
2) During the process of formation of the time conditioned reflex, no phenomena of generalization and differentiation were observed. When the reinforcement was continually given, the time salivary secretion was produced at three minutes and a half to four minutes-never approached five minutes-after the preceding stimulus which was a complex of food introduction, sound stimulus, and others. The secretion lasted for approximately four minutes and a half, if it was not followed by a reinforcement.
3) The time salivary secretion was completely inhibited with approximately five experimental-extinction trials. Its restoration required a long time.
4) The external inhibition of the time salivary secretion could easily be produced.
5) Even when the food introduction or the sound stimulus was omitted from the preceding stimulus, the time salivary secretion was produced, though it was smaller in quantity. Moreover, even when the activity of salivary gland was the only preceding stimulus, a very small amount of the time salivary secretion could be prodeced in some case.
Discussion :
Generally speaking, it does not always follow that the sense of time which animals have is a continuous one as is often considered ideationally. The time stimulus forming the conditioned stimulus in our experiments is, physiologically, the various changes caused in the body by the preceding stimulus and revealed afterwards when a fixed time has passed. And, it is considered that these changes are a complex of each change caused by each of the individual stimuli which compose the preceding stimulus.

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© 公益社団法人 日本心理学会
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