記憶痕跡に関する社会心理学的研究
1966 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 125-133
詳細
1966 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 125-133
The purpose of this experiment was o study the influence upon the memory race of such frameworks of social relationship as Attraction-Repulsion and Domnance-Subordination which cause certain ocial interaction.
The subjects of the experiment were junior high school students, who were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group was subdivided into four: (1) a star and four mutually attracted students (Attraction Group); (2) a student rejected and four rejectors (Repulsion Group); (3) a student of the highest rank and four others (Dominance Group); (4) a student of the lowest rank and four others (Subordination Group).
The interpretation sentences of TAT Card were used as the material which the subjects were asked to memorize. The star of the Attraction Group, the student rejected of the Repulsion Group, the student of the highest rank in the Dominance Group, and the one of the lowest rank in the Subordination Group presented the material orally to the other four members of each group, who were asked to memorize the meterial, and to recall and recognize it after 10 minutes, after 1 day, after 3 days and after 9 days.
The results of the experiment were as follows:
(1) In terms of the percentage of recall the Dominance Group performed the best, the Attraction Group the second, the Subordination Group the third, and the Repulsion Group the worst.
(2) In all groups, the percentage of recognition was higher than the percentage of recall. In terms of the percentage of recognition the rank of the four groups was the same as in (1).
(3) In order to make sure that the above difference in memory trace was due to that of the membership of each group, the experiment was repeated with the membership of each group interchanged. The result showed that there was a certain systematic difference in memory trace among four groups, i.e; both in recall and recognition percentages, the Dominance Group ranked the highest, the Attraction group the next, the Subordination Group the third, and the Repulsion Group the lowest.
From these observations, it is claimed that the framework of social relationship exerts great influences upon the memory trace as the factor of social interaction.
