情報処理様式からみた大脳両半球の機能的差異

西川 泰夫; 新名 新

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.51.335

西川泰夫, 新名新

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1981 年 51 巻 6 号 p. 335-342

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.51.335

詳細

発行日: 1981/03/20 受付日: 1980/05/01 J-STAGE公開日: 2010/07/16 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
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訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Wrong : Functional differences in the cerebral hemispheres were investigated from the point of modes of information processing. Twelve Japanese (6 males and 6 females) and three French (2 males and 1 female) university students were participated in this experiment. The subject was asked to judge a set of stimulus letters the same (all are identical in name, upright or inverted matching) or different (one item differs from the rest). The set was consisted of either alphabet (upper case or lower case), Japanese character (Katakana or Hirakana) or Kanji (Fig. 1), which was varied two to five in number from trial to trial, and presented tachistoscopically on the right or left visual field.
The reaction time, defined as the interval between the onset of stimulus and the response, was recorded and plotted as a function of the number of letters in the set. When the tasks were name and upright matchings of alphabet and Kana, RTs were increased lineary for both hemispheres with respect to the number of letters in the set. These results indicated that both hemispheres appeared to process informations in serial manner (Table 1, Figs. 2 and 3). Moreover, the fact that RT functions for both responses had approximately equal slopes signified an exhaustive scanning. When the task was inverted matching of all stimulus characters and upright matching of Kanji, RTs showed no increase in respect to the number of letters in the set, as manifesting a parallel or holistic processing (Table 1, Figs. 2 and 3). However, the RT functions for the presentation of letters (alphabet and Kana) to the right visual field were approximately parallel to and above the functions for those in the left visual field, and this relationship was reversed for the inverted matching of all stimulus characters and the upright matching of Kanji. This interaction between the visual fields of presentation and the stimulus characters was independent of both response type (same or different) and responding hand (right or left).
A three-way analysis of variance over the number of letters, the visual fields of presentation and the response types was performed for each of two groups of subjects. Results indicated that the interaction between hemisphere and stimulus character was significant only in those cases of the name and upright matchings of alphabet in French subjects (F_{(1, 176)}=7.12, p<.01, F_{(1, 176)}=11.65, p<.01) and the name matching of Kana in Japanese subjects (F_{(1, 176)}=5.45, p<.05). The difference in intercepts for the right and the left visual field presentations appeared to correspond to the time associated with the transfer of incoming stimulus characters to the hemisphere responsible for their processing; the left hemisphere for the name and upright matchings of alphabet and Kana, and the right for the inverted matchings of all kinds of stimulus characters and the upright matching of Kanji. Similar degrees of the slopes of RT functions for both visual fields implied that, if the stimulus characters were transferred, their information processings were carried as if they had initially entered the appropriate hemisphere.
Right : Functional hemispheric differences were investigated from the point of modes of information processing. The subject's task was to judge a set of stimulus letters same (all are identical) or different (one item differs from the rest). The set was consisted of letters of alphabet or Japanese character (Kana and Kanji), which number varied from two to five. The reaction time was recorded and plotted as a function of the number of letters in the set. When the task was name or upright matching of alphabet or Kana, RT was increased linearly for both hemispheres, suggesting serial processing. On the other hand, in the case of inverted matching of all stimuli and upright matching of Kanji, RT showed no increase as in parallel processing.

抄録

Functional hemispheric differences were investigated from the point of modes of information processing. The subject's task was to judge a set of stimulus letters same (all are identical) or different (one item differs from the rest). The set was consisted of letters of alphabet or Japanese character (Kana and Kanji), which number varied from two to five. The reaction time was recorded and plotted as a function of the number of letters in the set. When the task was name or upright matching of alphabet or Kana, RT was increased linearly for both hemispheres, suggesting serial processing. On the other hand, in the case of inverted matching of all stimuli and upright matching of Kanji, RT showed no increase as in parallel processing.

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