This study examined the impact of the spouse's death on the mental and physical health of the elderly, sixty years and older, and the buffering effect of social support against the impact. A three-year study was conducted of 1087 people whose spouses were alive at the time of the initial survey. Changes over the three-year period were compared among the following three groups: (1) the spouse died within a year prior to the second survey (N=21); (2) the spouse died more than a year before the survey (N=47); and (3) the spouse was still alive (N=901: the comparison group). Results were as follows: (1) Mental and physical health declined more rapidly in the first group than the comparison group, while no significant change was found for the second group. (2) Social support after the spouse loss significantly helped buffer the negative effect on the mental health, but support prior to the loss had no such effect. Social support had no moderating effect on the physical health.
