Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of prostate matching on dose distribution using kilovolt cone beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) with image guided radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Materials and method: Sixteen prostate cancer patients were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy to 76 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction in 38 fractions. Daily target localization was performed using “bone matching” and “prostate matching” based on planning CT and kV-CBCT. Prostate dose coverage was assessed by the proportion of the CTV fully encompassed by 95%, 98% isodose lines, and mean dose lines. As for rectal and bladder, dose coverage was assessed by volumes which received 40 Gy, 60 Gy, 70 Gy, 75 Gy and mean dose at treatment. And we calculated the tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), accordingly. They were compared to the bone and prostate matching image. Result: Our study found an improvement in dose usage in CTV and bladder which enabled us to compare the bone matching image and the prostate matching image. However, it did not improve dose usage in the rectal. Then we chose patients who were a large shift from bone matching image to prostate matching image. As a result, rectal dose and NTCP were reduced. Discussion: Prostate matching is useful and safe when compared to bone matching because of improving CTV dose usage and reducing dose rectal and bladder.
