抄録
Polyunsaturated fatty acids（ PUFAs）， which contain multiple carbon–carbon double bonds, are released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipases in response to inflammatory stimuli and are subsequently converted into a variety of bioactive metabolites by fatty acid oxygenases such as lipoxygenases（ LOX）, cyclooxygenases （COX），and cytochrome P450 enzymes（ CYP）．Eicosanoids including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are generated from arachidonic acid via the COX and LOX pathways, function as pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and play key roles in the inflammatory responses. In contrast, recent advances in lipidomic analyses using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry（ LC/MS/MS） have led to the identification of a series of PUFA-derived bioactive metabolites with potent anti-inflammatory properties. These metabolites are collectively referred to as specialized pro-resolving
mediators（ SPMs），as they not only suppress inflammation but also actively promote the resolution of inflammatory responses. In recent years, lipidomic analyses applied to various inflammatory conditions and their animal models have greatly advanced our understanding of the metabolic dynamics of SPMs. Moreover, the target cells and receptors for many SPMs have recently been identified, providing important insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of inflammation. This review provides an overview of the metabolism and biological actions of SPMs.
