We review the recent advances of rehabilitation medicine. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, non–invasive brain stimulation, brain–machine interface, robotics, transcutaneous spinal stimulation and virtual reality were applied to the rehabilitation medicine. Most of these therapies induced use–dependent plasticity and functional recovery of motor function. There were limitations and indications to apply these newly developed rehabilitation therapies. In this article, we explain the mechanism of the functional recovery and indication of each newly developed rehabilitation therapies.
