Cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects produced by the combination of butorphanol, medetomidine, and alfaxalone administered intramuscularly in Beagle dogs

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This study evaluated anesthesia quality, degree of analgesia, and cardiorespiratory parameters after intramuscular (IM) injection of a combination of butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg), medetomidine (10 µg/kg), and alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) in ten healthy adult Beagle dogs. Rectal temperature (T), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f_R), arterial pressure, arterial blood gases, and M-mode echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) indices were measured before drug administration and every 10 min thereafter until extubation. Mean duration of anesthesia, recovery, and analgesia were 89 ± 17, 6 ± 1, and 80 ± 12 min. HR, f_R, partial pressure of arterial CO₂ and O₂, arterial pressure, and LV contractility were significantly altered during anesthesia. IM administration of the drug combination provided acceptable anesthesia, but produced substantial cardiorespiratory suppression.