Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the occupational exposure of crystalline silica can lead to silicosis and other lung injury. In this paper, we briefly summarize the various research works that have been conducted related to crystalline silica-induced toxicity. Firstly, a short description of the structure of quartz is presented, followed by the various types of silicosis that can be caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. Methods to characterize the particles and mechanisms of particle-cell interactions are also reported. The effect of physicochemical properties such as size, shape and surface functionality that influence the toxicity mechanisms are discussed, followed by a brief description on the effects of free radical generation due to quartz inhalation on biological targets (proteins, lipids and DNA). Finally, methods reported to modify the surface and reduce the quartz-induced toxicity are discussed.
