運動に対する基本的心理欲求と運動経験との関連

抄録

Based on the self-determination theory, this study developed a scale that measured three basic psychological needs for exercise-competence, relatedness, and autonomy-and clarified the exercise experiences associated with each. A total of 549 adults (272 men ; 277 women), aged between 18 to 70 years, participated in this study. The scale fit the hypothesized three-factor model well (GFI > 0.95, AGFI > 0.95, CFI > 0.95, RMSEA < 0.07), and its reliability and validity were confirmed. (Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95 for competence, 0.92 for relatedness, and 0.85 for autonomy). Based on the results of the multivariate and multiple regression analyses using this scale, we examined the relationship between each basic psychological need and experiences related to exercise. The analysis revealed that the scores of all factors were higher for men compared to women. The competence score was higher for participants aged 18-29 years, compared to those in their 40s ; relatedness was higher for those aged 18-29 years, compared to those in their 30s to 60s or older ; autonomy was higher for those aged 18-29 years, compared to those in their 30s to 40s. Thus, we observed significant differences in the degree of satisfaction of each basic psychological need by gender and age, and relationships with others tended to change accordingly. In addition, upon investigation of the relationship between the three basic psychological needs and exercise experience, the influence of family members was found to be limited. However, the influence of friends and club activities was relatively significant. Thus, the psychological need for exercise is enhanced by positive experiences, such as socializing with friends and receiving support from schools and sports clubs.