For highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1, white blood cell count rapidly decreases after onset and then engender leukopenia. To elucidate the pathogenesis of leukopenia associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 infection, simulations were conducted using a mathematical model of mice. Those simulation results suggest the possibility that therapy with an antibody to influenza A/H5N1 virus showed better improvement from leukopenia than neuraminidase inhibitor therapy.

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Global Health (GH) has always attracted the attention of many students in medicine, nursing, related medical services, and even in international studies, policy, and diplomatic studies and economic studies and so on. In this article, the author tries to extract the essential factors of GH education for better understanding and improvement of the contents of the GH education. Throughout the author’s experiences in GH training, including a training program for primary health care at Mahidol University, Thailand, workshopstyle training, classroom lectures, training thorough filed surveys, the author concludes that we should consider the educatee’s experiences in GH activities. For those who have scarce experiences, three common misunderstandings should be corrected, including 1) GH is not a medical doctor’s independent business, 2) Emergency aid is not equal to GH, and 3) Medical treatment practice is not essential in on-site GH service. For those who have some experiences and wish to be a professional GH player, we should teach four principal values for GH including 1) Give an excellent advice to community people, but do not practice treatment by oneself, 2) DO NO HARM to community people, 3) Acquire health and medical skills that can work even in their own countries and 4) Always consider action and education with global standards of GH.

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Drug shortages are a complex global problem, therefore, to solve this issue with the drug shortages, all of stakeholders; pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, government and others needed to participate in managing the drug shortages and also, the stakeholders have to quantify and identify the underlying causes and actual impact of the drug shortages. However, there are a few original articles only to show specific solution for the drug shortage. Therefore, this study endeavors to evaluate some issues which are focused on antimicrobial.

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