As a space engineer, the author had a good reason to be interested in space biology because he knew how to put a living creature in space. Meanwhile the size of the launch vehicle which he worked for became large enough to carry a biosatellite. After desperate effort to tame mouse astronauts, he learned that fish astronauts were more cooperative with space engineer. His interest in space botany aroused by Carl Sagan's idea on conversion of Venusian atmosphere by photosynthetic reaction of chlorella algae. It was found that reduction of sunlight was essential to make it possible and there are few species of plant which seemed to survive in the atmosphere. The author expect the Japanese Society for Biological Sciences in Space to take over his interest to space biology to organize large scale research activities which require support of space engineers.

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Physical stimulus is one of the important factors in space environment other than microgravity. In this article, several aspects on the physical stimulus in relation to plant growth were reviewed. Reduction in stem elongation and an increase in radial thickness are the general growth features that caused by physical stimulus inevitable in the course of space ship launce and its way in space navigation. Internal changes observed in cellular, biochemical and metabolic levels are also discussed, and several problems that must be considered in plant cultivation in space environment were pointed ourt with the viewpoint of physical stimulation.

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Human and animal experiments using parabolic aircraft were reviewed. Although some preliminary tests for application of this method to animal and human experiments were conducted in the decade of 1950, actual research activities have started in the second half-decade of 1960 after large-sized aircrafts were available for the flight. Disorientation and illusion, changes in motion sickness susceptibility and in nystagmic responses (periodic eye-movements) induced by head movements or body rotation have been investigated intensively, not only under the lowgravity but also under the high-gravity condition during parabola. Animal experiments involved behavioral disorder in food-catching (turtles), postural reflex (cats), flying (pigeons ) and swimming (fish) patterns, and also task performance and coordinated movements in the cage (monkeys). Eye movements were also recorded with rabbits and pigs in parabola. In Japan, such flight experiments have started only recently since 1986.

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Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) is the largest radio observing facility in Japan open to outside users, and bebngs to Tokyo Astronomical Observatxry of Tokyo University. NRO was dedicated in 1982 and many results have been generated in these five years. Study of star forming regions, molecular line spectroscopy, continuum observations, VLBI and receiver developments etc are done here. 45m raclhtelescope and 5-element super-synthesis interferometer are the two main telescopes, both operate in cm to mm wave band. Discussions for future projects are in progress.

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The Research Institute of Environmental Medicine was established in May 1946 with 4 of its present departments (Dept. of Neurology and Sensory functions, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Respiration and Circulation, Pathology and Embryology), succeeding the buildings and facilities of the former Institute of Avian Medicine, Nagoya University. Thereafter, two departments of aerospace physiology and aerospace psychology were added in 1959 and 1967, respectively. The primary purpose of the Institute is to study human adaptation to the unusual environments due to physical factors and its medical applications. As a special project of environmental medicine, space medicine have been pursued using various simulation apparatuses. The Institute cooperates with the Medical School of Nagoya University in research and educational activities, especially in postgraduate courses under a joint program. Some of the works done in the Institute are annually published in "Environmental Medicine". The Institute strongly desires to have an additional Research Center for Space Medicine.

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