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Volume 24 (2010)
- Issue 3_4 Pages 121-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 24, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka, Chiaki Mukai, Hiroshi Mitani2010 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 3-9
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOperation of the International Space Station (ISS) has begun. It is important for astronauts to stay healthy and comfortable in space. Reducing influences of environmental stress on astronauts during space flight is a subject of space medicine. With this background, we at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Space Biomedical Research Office (J-SBRO) conduct research to understand and address the effects of the space environment on human health.Although the abovementioned research is of great importance to human health, it is often very difficult to verify by clinical research alone. Especially the effect of radiation is one issue becoming increasingly important due to the continuous accumulation of space radiation during long-duration stays in space. With their ease of breeding and transparent development, small teleosts are good model organisms. Medaka, the vertebrate, is an ideal model for space medicine. We are using medaka, which have a wider range of the habitat conditions, such as breeding temperature, than zebrafish, and have a history in radiation research, to verify the effects of the space environment. In this review, we are going to introduce medaka experiments at a cellular, tissue, and individual level for space medicine.View full abstractDownload PDF (514K) -
Kayo Yoshida, Shuhei Yoshida, Kiyomi Eguchi-Kasai, Takashi Morita2010 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 11-15
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs long-term human space flight is now required for cosmic exploration, the influence of space radiation and microgravity on the human body is an issue of high priority. We plan to launch frozen mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into space, to expose them to space radiation. After returning to the ground, we will microinject the ES cells into fertilized eggs to produce mice, and evaluate the influence of space radiation on their development and on their descendents.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
Akihisa Takahashi, Aiko Nagamatsu, Xiaoming Su, Masao Suzuki, Chizuru ...2010 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 17-41
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the biological effects of space environment, especially space radiations, a proposal of "Rad Gene" was performed as the first life science experiment with two human lymphoblastoid cell lines bearing wild-type p53 gene (wtp53) and mutated p53 gene (mp53) in an International Space Station (ISS) for 133 days. We scheduled four projects: (1) DNA damage induced by space radiations including the high linear energy transfer (LET) particles was detected as a track of γH2AX foci in the nuclei of these frozen cells. (2) To examine the biological effects of microgravity and space radiations on gene and protein expression of p53-dependent regulated genes, these cells were grown under microgravity and 1 gravity in ISS, and on ground for 8 days and analyzed by DNA and protein arrays. (3) p53-Dependent regulated genes were analyzed in the cultured cells after spaceflight at frozen state exposed to space radiations. (4) To clarify the effects of space radiations on the radio-adaptive response, the space flown cells at frozen state were cultured, and then exposed to challenging X-ray-irradiation. All of the radio-adaptive responses of cell killing, apoptosis, chromosomal aberrations and mutations were found only in wtp53 cells, but not in the mp53 cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1561K) -
Kei-ichiro Kitamura2010 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 43-48
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTeleost scales are calcified tissue that contains osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone matrix, all of which are similar to those found in human bone. Recently, a new culture system has been developed for the evaluation of bone metabolism using goldfish scales with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) as markers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Using this system, the activities of ALP and TRAP in ontogenic scales were measured after removal of almost all scales on one side of the body. On both days 7 and 10 after removal, the remaining ontogenic scales showed significantly higher TRAP and ALP activity than normal ontogenic scales (p<0.01). Using the remaining ontogenic scales, the effects of low-intensity ultrasound on ALP and TRAP activity were investigated. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) 18 and 24 h after ultrasound treatment. In contrast, the TRAP activity in the ultrasound-treated scales was significantly suppressed (p<0.01) after incubation for 24 or 48 h. The results of the present study reveal that low-intensity ultrasound inhibits osteoclast activity in a native calcified tissue environment in which osteoblasts and osteoclasts with increased activity coexist.View full abstractDownload PDF (625K) -
Xie Su Jiang, Jia Hong Bo, Xu Po, Zhen Ying, Yao Qin2010 Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 49-51
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (163K)
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