Biological Sciences in Space
Online ISSN : 1349-967X
Print ISSN : 0914-9201
ISSN-L : 0914-9201
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Volume 15, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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  • Physiology of vertebrates under micro-gravity with special reference to the Ca metabolism
    Yuichi Sasayama
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 3-14
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    On April 12, 1961, Major Yurii A. Gagarin of the former-U.S.S.R. Air Force circled the Earth in a spacecraft named “Vostok”, a word which means “east”. He spent 1 hour and 48 minutes in space. Since then, the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. have sent many astronauts into space. In one case, the stay in space exceeded a year in length, reaching 438 days. Through these experiences, it became clear that micro-gravity caused various problems in human physiology. One of the most serious problems was the loss of Ca from bones, as a result of the negative expenditure of Ca. Under 1G on the ground, bone absorption and bone formation proceed in accordance. Under micro-gravity, however, this balance is broken. Although this phenomenon has been widely analyzed from the viewpoint of molecular biology as well, studies to clarify the mechanism that causes the disorder of Ca metabolism in bones have just started. At present, no perfect treatment to prevent the loss of Ca from bones is available.
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  • What should be Shared and Inherited among Colleague for Space Life Science
    Masamichi Yamashita
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 18-21
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.18
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    Responsibility of our society is discussed with a special emphasis on the basis of modern science and the history of its development. Space life science stands on firm core research subjects, such as the origin of life or the universal law of living system. Even having this advantage, our scientific discipline has failed to bloom at the level correspondent to its significance. In order to keep the right track, the action of academic organization might be required repetitively to define the strategy of research.
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  • Give Cosmic Sense to Next Generations through Cosmic/Space Biology
    Yukishige Kawasaki
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 22-24
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.22
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    Life sciences are currently most important fields for every person. Each subject of life sciences is deeply correlated to cosmic events, and young generations can be more interested in life sciences if they know this correlation. In this respect, cosmic/space biology can play essential roles in fostering the science oriented generations. Some approaches to realize the above concepts are presented.
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  • On the Educational Benefits of Biological Sciences in Space
    Akira Murakami
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 25-29
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.25
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    Experimental results in Space Sciences are getting accumulated. It may be advisable for the educational activities of our society that we inform young people, not only of each experimental result, but also of a variety of novel views of life and the world introduced by the researches in Biological Sciences in Space. We are going to provide a data-base including elementary words and concepts in these fields.
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  • Global harmonization in the care and use of laboratory animals for the space life science research
    Kiyoaki Katahira
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 30-34
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.30
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    Space researches are supported with the international space agencies, NASA and NASDA. Animal experiments on the space life science must conform to the NIH policies and the NASA guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. The goal of the NIH policies is to promote the humane care of animals used biomedical and behavioral research, teaching, and testing. In each institute, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) plays an important role in conformity with NIH policies. The IACUC is charged with developing, recommending and monitoring NIH/NASA (ARC and KSC) policies, guides and rules relating to animal acquisition, care and use. In ARC and KSC, investigators will be responsible only for activities directly related to the conduct of their animal experiments. Even if researchers have protocols of the space science in japan, the animal experiment should be carried out under the global harmonized conditions in accordance with NIH policies and NASA guides.
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  • A Mechanism Conjugating Cellular and Individual Adaptations Could Be Produced From Space Biology
    Yoriko Atomi
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 35-39
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.35
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    To know a basic mechanism of biological organism on the earth, we can have a standard point to space. An example is hindlimb suspension model that could induce muscle atrophy. This model mimics adaptationalchanges under zero gravity; in turn the effect of gravity on the biological system developing on the earth. We can understand gravity is a stress from the specific changes of stress protein induced by mechanical stimuli depending on gravity. Recent development of fluorescent microscopy and time-lapse visual system brought us a possibility of analysis to see visualization of dynamic properties of molecular and cellular events in living cells. Especially dynamic fluctuation of cytoskeleton may include new ideas of biological strategy of living organism on the earth and possibly may suggest subtle changes in space..
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  • Space radiation biology
    Akihisa Takahashi, Takeo Ohnishi
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 40-46
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.40
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    Astronauts were constantly exposed to space radiation containing various kinds of energy with a low-dose rate during long-term stays in space. Therefore, it is important to judge correctly the biological effect of space radiation for human health. In addition, research for space radiation might give us useful information concerning birth and evolution of lives on the earth. Here, we described a view of the future about space experiments at an International Space Station. Therefore, we desire to educate the space researcher of the next generation for importance of research for space radiation.
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  • Proposition by an Exobiologist
    Kensei Kobaysahi
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 47-49
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.47
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    The study and education of Exobiology in Japan has several problems. First, there are no laboratories nor departments named "Exobiology" or "Astrobiology" in Japan. Most of exobiological studies are performed without official supports. Second, many youths are interested in exobiology, but they do not know how to take part in research of exobiology. In order to solve the problems, not only each researcher but also the society (JSBSS) should advertise the activities in exobiological researches in Japan by using such media as symposia and publications. It is also essential to have official divisions named "exobiology" in national institutes or universities.
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  • From a Plant Scientific Point of View
    Takayuki Hoson
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 50-51
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.50
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  • The view on the education of space science from Young Astronauts Club
    Junpei Koike
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 52-53
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.52
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  • Educational Programs in NASDA
    Shigeki Kamigaichi
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 54-55
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.54
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  • A Plan of Life Science Education Programs in the Japanese Society for Biological Sciences in Space
    Atsushige Sato
    2001 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 56-61
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2187/bss.15.56
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    The Future Plan Committee of the Japanese Society for Biological Sciences in Space drafted a Life Science Education Programs. The program consists of preparation of teaching materials for elementary and high school teachers and of summer course of the gravitational and space biology for university students and young scientists. The outline of the programme are presented.
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