Water retentivity and other relevant physical properties of the rotational farm soils were investigated for three years. The yearly changes of those are discussed in this paper. Results obtained are as follows ; 1. The air ratios at pF 1.6 of the upper soil layer (0-15 cm in depth) increase yearly and exceed the aimed value for dry fields after three years. 2. The values of apparent specific gravity of the upper soil layer decrease yearly. 3. The readily available moisture content (pF 1.8-3.0) of the upper soil layer increases yearly. But even after three years, that still does not reach the aimed value for dry fields. 4. In the lower soil layer (15-30 cm in depth), the yearly changes of the air ratios at pF 1.6, apparent specific gravity and the readily available moisture content are not remarkable. 5. The volumetric water content at the same value of pF decreases yearly in the upper and lower soil layers. 6. The rates of change of the volumetric water content increase around pF 2.2 in the upper soil layer yearly.

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So far as I know, a hymenopterous parasite attacking a sweetpotato leaf folder, Brachmia triannulella Herrich-Schaffer, has not been recorded from Japan. In 1982, I found two parasitic wasps which emerged from larvae of sweetpotato leaf folder collected in sweetpotato fields in Ishikawa Prefecture. In this paper, I report on two hymenopterous parasites.

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Among the flower-visiting insects of chestnut flowers, the species of Coleoptera were most abundant in number. Especially, the number of individuals of Popillia japonica indicated the tendency of the increase towards late season of the flowering of chestnut. To examine the change of species diversity, index of species diversity by "H" in sample was calculated in flower visiting insect fauna on three ohrchards. Generally, the index of species diversity shows the tendency of the decrease towards late season of the flowering periods.

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In 1983, we carried out the investigation of the pollinator fauna in kiwi orchard, in Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa Prefecture, and captured five species. These were as follows : 1. Lasioglossum tarcatum sp.-group, 2. Ceratina flavipes Smith, 3. Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 4. Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say, 5. Melanostoma mellinum Linnaeus. In this investigation, we were not able to find an effective wild bee as the pollinator of kiwi flower.

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English language learning in Japan began with the Phaeton Incident occured in 1808. The Phaeton (a British warship) came in Nagasaki to capture Dutch ships if there were any. As there was none, she left after taking on the supply of food and water. This frightened not only the citizens of Nagasaki but the Tokugawa Government as well. Right after this incident, the Government ordered some Japanese interpreters of Dutch language to study English, because their poor knowledge of English language seemed to have made the incident worse. The study resulted in two books in manuscript, a primer of English and an English vocabulary book. In 1840, Eibunkan (English Grammar, in manuscript) appeared. Throughout the prefaces of these books, the menace of foreign countries which Japan was now exposed to and the necessity of English studies are stressed. The first English-Japanese dictionary (A Pocket Dictionary of the English and Japanese Language) was published in 1862, but in the preface, there is no such word as menace. Hori Tatsnoskay, editor of the dictionary, says that it is indispensable to know English because it is spoken universally. This was a new attitude to their study of English.

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As a page of historical development of school physical education in Ishikawa Prefecture during the Meiji period, the author studied elementary school excursions carried out from the 19th to 22nd years of Meiji. The new education policy enforced in the latter half of the 10's of Meiji brought some changes to the principle of elementary school excursion. Features of the excursion were : 1. outing 2. exercising gymnasitics/games 3. open-air class 4. visiting various places for study. The excursion usually had one or more of these features, with adding march-training, to train the pupils both mentally and physically. Unlike today, each excursion was basically same, though they seemed to have different features. In this period they were expected to have an educational significance.

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