Fire Science and Technology

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We consider the case that flame breaks and penetrates the glass window located on the exterior wall after flashover happens in the room/compartment where a fire breaks out. The exterior surface of the facade wall will be heated by convection and radiation produced from the flame and the fire plume ejected out from the broken window. ISO 13785-2 “Reaction-to-fire tests for facades-Part2: Large-scale test" prescribes a test method which can evaluate the effects of fire on the exterior material installed onto the outer wall when heated by the flame issuing from the broken window. Applying the large-scale facade apparatus of ISO 13785-2 with a non-combustible facade, temperature and incident heat flux were measured in the proximity of the exterior of the facade located above the window opening from where the flame originates, in order to measure the heat fluxes that outer wall spandrels will receive from the flame and the fire plume occurring from the opening of combustion chamber when there is no combustible materials located in the facade wall.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of flames formed around a building under external wind. An experimental study is described using a small-scale enclosure having a prescribed fire source to investigate the behavior of flames emerging from an opening and ceiling of the enclosure at steady state conditions. The fire source in the enclosure was a propane porous gas burner and wood crib. In the experiment, the width and height of the opening, the discharge rate of propane gas supplied to the gas burner, wind velocity and direction to compartment were varied. The modeling of flame length, vertical height and angle are proposed to judge fire spread between buildings under the wind condition.

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