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Volume 4 (1984)
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 4, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Science
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J. G. Quintiere, K. Steckler, D. Corley1984 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 1-14
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1054K) -
Yuji Hasemi, Tazo Tokunaga1984 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 15-26
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasurements of the temperature and velocity distributions in the very near field of turbulent diffusion flames are made to investigate the significance of flame geometry effects on the plume properties. The flame geometry effects are formulated in terms of a "virtual heat source" as a function of heat release rate and fuel size. It was also shown that the location of virtual heat sources for a round fuel and for a square one are practically identical if the diameter and the side are regarded as the characteristic fuel sizes respectively. The proposed formula for the location of the virtual source seems to be consistent with the results of current works in which the location has been determined in different ways.View full abstractDownload PDF (903K) -
Tokio Morikawa1984 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 27-35
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEvolution of soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), especially benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) which was used as an indicator of PAHs, was determined when polymers, and low molecular weight hydrocarbons which are close in structure to decomposition products of polymers were combusted or pyrolyzed under different conditions.
It was found that BaP was not always accompanied with soot, because it was produced even at non-sooting temperature of 900°C or so in nitrogen atmosphere. PAHs are considered to be part of the intermediates for soot, because their production during combustion and pyrolysis is considerable and at least BaP production decreases at over 1000 - 1100°C even in nitrogen atmosphere. Both soot and BaP formations themselves are temperature-dependent, but not oxygen dependent, although the products can be destructed by oxygen afterward. The production of soot from such mixture as benzene and methanol was much less than that from benzene alone. It indicates that hydrogen evolved in decomposition serves to retard soot formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Tomoyuki Mizuno, Kunio Kawagoe1984 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 37-45
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe burning tests of several wood cribs and several modern chairs with soft foam upholstery were carried out in a room. The mass burning rate, gas temperatures inside and outside the plume, smoke density, radiant heat flux, etc. were measured. The burning behaviour of the wood crib is very smooth whereas that of the modern upholstered chairs is not simple and depends on many factors. However, according to the experiments conducted in this study, it seems reasonable to assume that the mass burning rate after the peak burning rate is proportional to residual weight, so the mass burning rate, m´, for this burning period can be estimated with the equation, m´= rAw0exp(-A(t-Tp)). The three parameters, Tp, r, and A, in this formula are determined on the basis of ranked burning rate. In the case of chairs, grouping the type of chair according to ranked burning rate allows one to determine these parameters for each group.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K)
Technology
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Analyses of the costs of fire protection in the "electrical and mechanical" works, and occupancy clustering.Hiroyuki Nakamura1984 Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 47-64
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 16, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report presents an analysis of the costs of fire protection in the "electrical and mechanical" works. The fire protection investment rate, the number of stories and the gross floor area, for each occupancy extracted from a data base, are shown by using the single variate and correlation analyses. The results of the analyses show that the fire protection investment rate has a wide range of variation, particularly in shops and industries, and that no correlation is found between the number of stories or the gross floor area and the fire protection investment rate in any occupancy.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis have been employed to determine the subjects of further detailed researches. By using PCA, five new characteristic features of the newly defined forty-two occupancies are discussed from fifteen variables, i.e. twelve different costs for fire protection items, the fire protection investment rate*, a specific space inside a building and a specific height of a building. The forty-two occupancies are then grouped together into eight clusters systematically, by using Cluster Analysis.
Taking the above-mentioned results into consideration, office buildings are then chosen for further detailed researches.View full abstractDownload PDF (1184K)
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