The endoscopic approach to the digestive tract has been remarkable in recent years. However, too much subjective interpretation appears to be present in the today's endoscopy. Attention has been recently focus-ed on giving objectivity to the subjective nature of this method. Observation under constant intragastric pressure and measurement in the stomach represent such attempt. As one of the latter attempts, Machida Endoscope Company tentatively produced a fibergastro-scope (FGS-BLG). We had an opportunity to use this fiberscope and got the fairly satisfactory result on intragastric measurement. The structure of FGS-BLG is almost identical with FGS-BL, except that BLG has a fiber bundle for scale besides the image fiber bundle. In the apical portion, there is a window for the scale fiber bundle beside the object lens window and the light entered from here is observed as a blight line above the picture. The length of this line changes according to the lens to object distance so that it always indicates 1 cm on the surface of the object with adjustment of f ocuing. Measuring with this scope in the effective range of the scale, the lens to object distance is limited to approximately 2-5 cm. Because the light coming into thescale fiber bundlse is over the capacity of this fiberbundle when the distance is less than 1 cm, and it is possible for the error to become too great for comparative measurement of the object at a distance of more than 6 cm. Moreover, the size of the object to measure is also limited when the lens to object distance is limited, which is below 3-4 cm. Various attempts have been made in intragastric measurement, but all of them were slightly complica ted. With this fiberscope, intragastric measurement is very easy.

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Of 122 cases who have had r ectocolono-fiberscopy and have been biopsied under direct vision at the same time, 18 cases of melanosis coli were noted endoscopically and histopathologically. In these cases photograms obtained by the fiberscope were reviewed retrospectively in order to determine the possibility of the endoscopical diagnosis in comparison with the histopathological changes of the pigment deposition. Cases of each grade of histopathological changes are presented with endoscopical pattern. As a results, early appearance of melanosis coli is suggested endos-copically when there is evidence of a yellow fine network system and it is emphasized that there are not scarcely any findings if observe carefully. Althou-gh cause and course of depositted pigment are yet unknown, old age, constipation, and laxative use are also noted significantly in our cases except for a case with a long-term diarrhea. Association of polyps or carcinoma of the rectum of colon is discussed and an autopsy case with ulcerative colitlis accompanied with melanin-like substance deposition is described.

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By virtue of recent remarkable advance in optical instruments as well as in photographic techniques it has become possible to observe precisely the details of liver surface morphology. Taking the advantage of such improvements we have established a new classifi cation of liver surface pictures with peritoneoscope. For the purpose to handle readily with numerical values, all the liver surface pictures taken by the aid of peritoneoscope are represented by numbers in three digits ; as some hundreds and some tens odd numbers. Those in hundreds are divided into 5 groups of 1.00 to 500 according to the elongation of Glisson's capsule and the manner of nodule formation ; and those in number expressed by tens are further divided into 3 subgroups according to the relation of the size of nodules to the inter-nodular space, of them ones whose nodules are in contact with on another and the size of nodules is less than 2 or 3 mm are placed in teens ; and those that are similarly in contact but their size is about 5 mm or more are put in the category of twenties ; and those whose inter-nodular space is big irrespective of the size are in thirties. As to the numbers in one digit they are classified into 8 groups: ones with diffuse white spots are given No. 1; those with arteriolar network, ' Kolliker's veins or lymph ducts No. 2 ; those with diffuse reddening, edmea No. 3 ; those with proliferation or hyperemia of arterioles No. 4 ; those with a few small recesses No. 5 ; those with many small recesses No. 6 ; with patches No. 7; and those with semi-spherical regeneration No. 8. A discussion was made on the relationship between our new classification and liver biopsy histological pictures.

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Three days after admission, jaundice manifested in this 30 years old house wife, who had been to be gynecologically operated because of myoma uterii in the gynecological clinic of Tokyo Medical College Hospital in Tokyo. At that time, biochemical examin-ation of blood serum resulted in as follows : total bilirubin 4, 6 mg/dl, conjugated bilirubin 3, 15 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 15, 1 King-Armstrong units, GOT 1920, GPT 1420. Eased upon these results, the authors diagnosed this patient as acute viral hepatitis. As the clinical findings had normalized about five weeks after the beginning of hepatic disorder, we have done lapa-roscopy on her. Laparoscopical examination revealed slightly inflammatory changes of the liver and the enlar-ged uterus with several nodular myoma. Therefore, we supposed. that the uterus of this patient had myoma and was increasing in size owing to pregnancy. Then, a gynecologist made a diagnosis that she was five months pregnant. She hoped that she gave birth to a child and stood thereafter under gynecological observation as a outpatient. If we were conscious of her pregnancy, we should like to perform no laparoscopical examination on her. Because, it is very important for her, to bring the period of pregnancy to perfection and to give birth to a child carefully. The authors guess that it is better to avoid the performance of a laparoscopical examination during the period of pregnancy. It is unexpectedly delightful for us to see that the pregnancy goes on without accident and she is going to have a child.

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