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This research reports method development for lipid peroxide measurement in natural waters. A novel fluorescent probe 2-(4-diphenylphosphanyl-phenyl) -9-(3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridecyl)-anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone, Liperfluo, has been used to selectively quantify lipid peroxide in seawater. A Flow injection analysis (FIA) system equipped with fluorescence detector was designed and used to obtain fluorescence data. This method was observed to be highly selective to lipid hydroperoxide as the signal intensity from the reaction of the probe with lipid hydroperoxide in water was about 28-times higher than the signal intensity obtained upon reacting with the same concentrations of other peroxides such as Hydrogen peroxide, Methyl Hydroperoxide and Ethyl hydroperoxide present in natural waters.. Under our experimental conditions, the concentrations of lipid hydroperoxide in Seto inland sea ranged from 96.21 - 382 nM.

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Future Earth (FE), a platform of international earth environmental research in the next decade, aims to elucidate (1) an interactive relationship among earth spheres, (2) their linkages with food, health, and human life, and (3) collaborative work of researchers with societies for both capacity building to create a new earth society. We set up experimental environments in Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, an inter-university research institute, to efficiently obtain a series of elemental and isotopic data of water and biota, and apply these facilities to terrestrial water in many areas in collaboration with universities and governments as a subject of undergraduate and graduate course. This bottom-up approach based on multiple water quality map is expected to contribute a networking of other studies on food traceability and environmental monitoring in the FE, and will be shown by introducing several examples.

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Riverwaters and riverbed sediments were sampled and studied in small rivers of the Hokusetsu area of Osaka Prefecture. As concentration of waters were up to 38 ppb. Distributions of As in waters and sediments are concordant with each other and highest concentrations are found in Paleozoic/Mesozoic sedimentary formations in contact with intrusive rocks.
Data of δ³⁴S of the pyrite suggested that sedimentary rocks were disseminated with sulfides in association with the magmatic activities. LA-ICP-MS imaging confirmed that sulfides in disseminated rocks contains trace elements (Cu, Fe, As, Zn, Au) commonly found in sulfide minerals of hydrothermal ore deposited during Late Cretaceous magma intrusion. As-rich pyrite would be formed via hydrothermal activities into sedimentary formation during contact metamorphism.

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　Fuji Volcano began to form at ca.100,000 y B.P.and contiued to erupt basaltic labas. The ner stage 'shin Fuji'on the weathering old Fuji mudflow is eruptions of basaltic lavas ca.10,000 y B.P. Ther are many springs on the foot around Fuji Volcano.The following representative springs were analyzed about Nutrient.1.East area:Gotenba420～490μM,Kakitagawa 620～660μM 2.Oshinohakkai：Wakuike650μM,Shoubuike 690μM、Kagamiike 660μM

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The observation of methane was conducted in the water of Lake Tega in Japan, identified as a eutrophic lake to evaluate the influence to the atmospheric methane concentration. In the surface water, methane was highly oversaturated with respect to the atmospheric methane. The degree of methane saturation ranged between 400% and 87,000%. The methane diffusive flux from the lake surface to the atmosphere was calculated to be 12.7 mgC-CH₄/m²/day. A one box model was applied to the methane in the lake water to test the higher methane concentration. It revealed that, a larger amount of methane was supplied to the lake water from the lake sediment. Almost of all the methane supplied to the lake water was rapidly released to the atmosphere, with the mean residence time of about 1 day. Seasonally, a 20% of the methane supplied was biologically oxidized in the water column.

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Chemical reactivity, bioavailability, and mobility of trace metals in aquatic systems are strongly influenced by complexation with dissolved organic matter (DOM). A monitoring survey has been conducted in the Sagami River basin to elucidate the relation between trace metal solubility and DOM molecular properties in natural waters and wastewater effluents. For all the samples collected and analyzed, the concentrations of dissolved copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), both of which are normalized to dissolved organic carbon concentration, were found to be strongly positively correlated with SUVA₂₅₄, an optical index representing DOM aromaticity. Calculation using a chemical equilibrium speciation model predicted that the majority of these dissolved metals are present as the complex with DOM in these samples. It can be concluded that the amount of trace metals (Cu, Fe) complexed with an unit mass of DOM is identically controlled by DOM aromaticity in a range of natural waters and wastewater effluents.

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Combustion of fossil fuel also discharges sulfuric acid in proportion to the amount of discharge of carbon dioxide and is accumulated into the atmosphere. On the trees of the passage way of wind sulfuric acid adhere in proportion to the amount of passage wind. Sulfuric acid is dropped on a root by rain.The soil in which sulfuric acid was added dissolves a metal ingredient and becomes a metal ion. A metal ion is absorbed by trees, takes phosphoric acid from a phosphoric acid compound and becomes an insoluble metallic phosphorus acid compound.

Trees become the same phenomenon as the shortage of phosphoric acid and dieback.

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The 2- and 3-hydroxyarchaeol "equivalent" about the diastereomers at the hydroxyl group in the isoprenoidal portion were prepared stereoselectively. The stereochemistry at the hydroxyl group was induced with Katsuki-Sharpless epoxidation of phytol. Then, 2- and 3-hydroxyarchaeol were synthesized. About the gas chromatographic behavior of the 4 compounds, the absolute stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group is considered to be R at the moment.

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The effects of vertical salinity change associated with change in depositional environments on biogenic methane production in coastal deep aquifers from Hokkaido, Japan. Using isotopic and microbiological approaches, the factors that regulate methanogenic pathways and methanogen diversity were explored. The relationship between the origin of methane and ongoing methanogenesis is discussed.

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Redox condition around underground facility was observed during the construction and operation. Redox potential being changed to relatively oxidizing condition with time. Dominant redox buffer reaction was identified water-mineral interaction including iron minerals.

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In-situ isotopic analysis is a powerful tool for understanding the formation of the solar system. To accomplish sub-micron spacial resolution analysis, we have developed a laser post-ionization Secondary Neutrals Mass Spectrometer (SNMS). The performance evaluation with a lead sample has shown that as compared to the ionization with the ion beam alone, the laser irradiation to the sputtered materials increases the ion signals more than 10,000 times.

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An analytical method has been developed for trace siderophile elements in metal grains using SIMS, and several arroys containing various siderophile elements were synthesized for the SIMS standard. Using this method, tiny metal grains in chondrules and a large one in the matrix of Y 81020 (CO 3.05) chondrite were analyzed. The results show that abundances of siderophile elements (esp. Pt and Ir) show large variations among metal grains.

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This study investigated behaviors of U(VI) and Eu(III) in a simple microbial prey-predator food chain consisting of yeast and Paramecium. A fraction of the heavy elements fixed on yeast cells mainly as phosphates was dissolved, bound to large soluble molecules of Paramecium origin, and formed pseudocolloid. The fraction of the heavy elements dissolved from yeast was small, and most of the heavy elements fixed as phosphate on yeast cells was excreted from Paramecium cells into large organic membrane like precipitates of Paramecium origin. This result suggests that the deterrent effect on heavy element migration by microbial phosphatization of heavy element is mostly maintained in microbial food chain.

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There is often an example to exist more than a designated standard of the law, and, on soil pollution measures law revision, a toxic substance such as arsenic and lead which digging rock of the tunnel is included.It can trouble a builder. I report a recent example about these rational measures.

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