The questioning behavior of students in a lecture helps to improve the understanding of not only the questioner him or herself but also other students around him or her. In addition, it can be a very useful feedback for the lecturer to improve the class. However, for many students, questioning behavior causes psychological resistance. In this study, we have developed a chatbot system to encourage students to ask questions. In fiscal year 2021, the system was implemented in an on-demand online class for general education courses in the field of information technology, and its effectiveness in encouraging students to ask questions was verified. The results of the experiment showed that students found it easier to ask questions using the system compared to the conventional question forum. In particular, it was found that checking the questions and answers of other students may encourage them to ask more questions.

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Users tweeting in SNS driven by a personal sense of justice has potentials of becoming perpetrators without intention to harm others. In this paper, we conducted literature reviews from the viewpoints of both information literacy and media literacy. The investigations showed lack of a practical study of behavior control for SNS retweet and quote retweet. We conducted a case study on an SNS retweet and quote retweet interface design when targeting a warning screen in a pseudo SNS environment that imitate SNS retweets and quoted retweets along with the original tweets such as Twitter. We then extracted patterns of the behavioral and thinking processes by using think-aloud method. On the basis of the results, we discuss this case study using a pseudo SNS environment from the perspectives of information literacy and media literacy.

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The authors recognized that in the field of education, service design is a methodology to create new value by designing not only student learning but also a mechanism that enables students’ continuous learning. In this study, we conducted a one-day Pattern Language Workshop as a service design approach using the "Pattern Language for Learning Architecture" created in advance by teachers as an interface between "new students" and "new learning" in architectural design courses at two technical colleges. The pre- and post-workshop questionnaire surveys revealed that the Pattern Language Workshop was effective in reducing new students' anxiety about "participation" in learning and their anxiety about "learning" arising from being unable to see the entire picture of learning. In addition, a quantitative text analysis of the free response questions in the questionnaires revealed that new students, who had dreams of working in the field of architecture in the future but were anxious about learning at the time of their enrollment before the workshop, had their levels of "anxiety about learning" reduced after experiencing the workshop in a fun way. It became clear that the Pattern Language Workshop as a service design method, as a map, can provide support for students.

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In group work, it is essential that each participant is highly motivated. This study aims to clarify the relationship between participants’ motivation and behavior during group discussions. A questionnaire survey was conducted and group work participants were classified into five motivation types based on factor and cluster analyses as follows: non-motivation type, curiosity motivation type, affinity motivation type, evaluation by others motivation type, and own interest motivation type. By observing video-recorded conversations of participants in group work, we assigned “functional role tags” to their utterances and quantitatively analyzed their behavior. We also examined snippets of their conversations as a case study and found cases where their actual behavior matched their course of action based on each motivation type. Contrarily, we also found a few cases of inconsistency between their motivation type and actual behavior. We further discuss the additional factors needed to explain consistency/inconsistency between motivation type and actual behavior.

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It has been pointed out that the development of artificial intelligence can transform the relationship between systems and people fundamentally. Human-centered design (HCD) is a concept that realizes a human-centered system by grasping user usage and deriving user requirements from it. This design concept is still important and is effective when systematizing existing operations. However, when a user's advanced work can be replaced by artificial intelligence, the relationship between the user and the system changes dramatically, but the direction has yet to be clear. In this study, interviews with service providers on the site using artificial intelligence were conducted. This paper discusses the necessity of providing support not only for the system development but also for rebuilding the meaning and significance of the operations and actions of the people using the system.

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The Bauhaus concept of “dots/lines/surfaces” which is treated in the foundation of design education, has had a profound influence on today's design. The purpose of this study is to examine appropriate parameters for basic of design education and graphic design beginners to express the intended impressions by referring to Wassily Kandinsky’s concept of “dots/lines/surfaces”. First, the impression expression parameters were investigated and organized from several previous studies including Kandinsky. 12 figures corresponding to Russell’s Circumplex Model were created using the parameters selected based on the investigation. And the experiments were compared and examined of the effects of the configuration based on the “line” concept of “dots/lines/surfaces”. The result of the 1^st experiment has shown that 12 figures by the number of lines were increased or decreased were generally informative for the imagery to be used subsequent experiments. And this study revealed that the effects of depending on the quadrant can be changed the number of lines were increased or decreased. The result of the 2^nd experiment has shown that more effective in eliciting emotion by comparison between 12 figures corresponding of “line” concept in some quadrants.

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The widget of a software keyboard, installed on the game consoles for text entry using only the gamepad, occupies a certain amount of the screen real estate. The reduction of the occupancy allows game designers to allocate a larger area for the game contents. We show KAI, a software keyboard indication method that reduces the screen occupancy of the widget while minimizing the degradation of input speed and accuracy. We conducted a comparative study of the conventional, KAI, and invisible indication methods with JoyFlick. The results showed that the conventional widget was the fastest and least erroneous among the three indication methods. In addition, the invisible widget was the slowest and most errornous. Therefore, for some software keyboards, KAI can be applied to reduce screen occupancy while minimizing the degradation of input speed and accuracy.

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While the number of traffic accidents has been decreasing, the number of bicycle-related accidents has remained around 20% of traffic accidents. The elderly account for 70% of fatalities in bicycle accidents. In this study, we collected data on the overtaking maneuver of automobiles toward bicyclists using the probe bicycle, and on the cycling behavior of the elderly and young people and their perception of the danger of overtaking. As a result, we found that passing distance and speed of the overtaking vehicle tended to increase as the distance from the oncoming vehicle increased, and that younger cyclists did not feel a sense of danger as passing distance increased, while older cyclists tended to feel danger independent of passing distance.

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