Cross-hybridizations between Glebionis coronalia (L.) Spach and G. segetum (L.) Fourr., G. coronalia and Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. and G. segetum and L. vulgare by using ovule culture were successfully made the hybrid seedlings. RAPD primer OPA20 was found to isolate respective bands specific to G. coronalia, G. segetum, and L. vulgare. The F1 hybrids between G. coronalia and L. vulgare and G. segetum and L. vulgare showed morphologically rather the maternal-side leaf characters.

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Allium altaicum Pall. collected in Mts. Altai, Altai Republic, Russian Federation was readily cross-hybridized with A. fistulosum L. a Japanese cultivar ‘Matsushiro-Ippon-Negi,’ and studied to find genic relationships between them. The both parents and all of the hybrid progenies had the common karyotype of 2n=16=12m+2sm+2stsat and the purplish color around the leaf base that was a characteristic of A. altaicum. Amplified PCR products were performed onto an agarose gel (1.5% w/v) electrophoresis in 1xTAE buffer at 100V for 30 min. The gel was visualized by ethidium bromide staining and photographed under UV illuminator. Each of the species and hybrid offsprings studied by RAPD was indeed, species and the exactly cross-hybrids plants.

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In two East Asian species of Tsuga, T. forrestii and T. sieboldii their somatic chromosomes were investigated by fluorescent banding technique using DNA-base specifically binding fluorochromes of chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Their chromosome numbers were commonly 2n=24. Their karyotypes were very similar to each other and consisted of eight pairs of long metacentric chromosomes and four pairs of short chromosomes. The two pairs of the short chromosomes were submetacentric, one pair was metacentric chromosomes, and the shortest chromosome pair was submeta-subtelocentric. After CMA-staining six CMA-bands appeared at interstitial region of each one arm of six long metacentric chromosomes. Positive DAPI-band was not observed and DAPI-negative regions appeared coincident with all CMA-bands. Centromeric regions of DAPI-stained chromosomes were darker than chromosome arms. Karyotypes and their fluorescent banding patterns of the two Tsuga species were very similar to each other. The fluorescent banded karyotypes of the Tsuga species are compared with those of other Pinaceae genera reported.

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Total 14 individual plants of nine species of a New World orchidaceous genus Restrepia were karyomorphologically studied. The metaphase chromosomes of Restrepia, Subtribe Pleurothallidinae, Tribe Epidendreae, can be divided into three subgenera and furthermore, the subgenus Restrepia includes approximately 50 species that can be divided into two sections such as Restrepia and Pleurothallopsis. They are epiphytic species distributed from the lowlands to upper the moss, foggy, alpine forests in Mexico, Panama, Peru to Venezuela. They had such aneuploid chromosome numbers as: 2n=40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 69, 70, and 77.

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Only the two species of Pogonia, the Orchidaceae, such as P. japonica Rchb. f. and P. minor (Makino) Makino are distributed in Japan but currently newly appeared only one or two individuals so-called P. ‘Miyamatokisou’ nomen nudum occurred in two locations. Genic relationships among these three taxa of Pogonia were studied with respect to ITS (Internal Transcribed Sequences). Thus, repeatable DNA polymorphisms were found among 20 ISSR primers studied. According to genetic distances analyzed, a group of P. japonica and P. minor and the other group of two strains of P. ‘Miyamatokisou’ nomen nudum were isolated. Although these two strains of P. ‘Miyamatokisou’ were distantly distributed but were genetically similar to each other. The ISSR domain of P. ‘Miyamatokisou’ were different from those of P. japonica and P. minor, respectively. It was suggested that certain edge effects along with the distribution of those two species might perform their polymorphisms and got a new speciation to perform P. ‘Miyamatokisou’. Depending on determination of ITS, the relationship between P. ‘Miyamatokisou’ and the two species of Pogonia were not determined. While the species of Pogonia have been recorded morphologically highly variable, the present research also concluded that those taxa studied here suggested highly variable.

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Karyotype analysis and male meiotic behavior in a bulbaceous plant Drimiopsis kirkii were studied. The somatic chromosomes in 2n=66 were ranged between 1.50 – 9.72 µm in length. The karyotypic formula was 2n=66=30m+14sm+16st+6t. The haploid set of 33 chromosomes were counted in mitotic metaphase of pollen grains. Detailed meiotic analysis from PMCs to tetrad were carried out and most of the PMC underwent normal meiosis to form the microspore tetrad. However, 7.8 % PMC showed various meiotic abnormalities in form of univalent or bivalent laggards, late separation, anaphesic bridge, chromosome fragments etc.

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