Xerography and AgX photography, each representing physical and chemical imaging processes, are compared as for their fundamental aspects.
Three factors, sensitivity distribution of individual grain, grain-size spread and optical filter effect, all contributing to the expansion of exposure range of AgX photography, work less or none in the case of Xerography which can have another factor due to the dependency of discharge rate on field strength.
Analysis reveals that a single imaging cycle of Xerography corresponds to a single－grain layer in the silver halide emulsion coating and that the most prominent strength of Xerography resides in the high degree of system reversibility.

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In this paper, we report drop formation characteristics of electrostatic ink jet using water colored ink. At first, to know drop formation phenomema and processes, we took high speed photografies. Then, we investigated, using one capillary and a kind of ink, ink drop frequency versus ink flow characteristics and showed an experimental formula. From this characteristics, we calculated ink drop diameters treating a drop as a sphere. Then, from obtained ink drop frequency versus ink drop diameter characteristics, we estimated attainable ink drop frequencies and also, ink drop diameters when a capillary was given. At last, comparisons were make among ink drop frequency versus recorded diameter characteristics changing capillaries, especially its outside diameters.

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The V-I characteristic curve of ZnO-resin layers can be obtained by the measurement of saturation surface voltage of the sample for various value of corona current. These curves are generally composed of four ranges ; increasing current, saturation current, avalanche and secondary corona ranges.
In this paper, some experiments and analyses are reported on the theory and mechanism of layer leakage current of ZnO-resin layer in negative, positive and N-P corona charging. Experimental analyses are given about the effects of binder resin materials, prior exposure, dispersion time and layer thickness on the V-I characteristic curves of ZnO-resin layers. Layer leakage current ld is dependent upon the effective donor density n and the surface barrier height ΔV_s of ZnO particles.
In positive corona charging, it is possible to charge up ZnO-resin layer to a comparatively high potential when the layer has non ohmic contact with base metal or the positive corona is applied on a sample charged already by negative corona ions.

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This paper describes automatic control method to maintain the concentration of toner powder in magnetic brush development station and produces on copies of uniformly good density.
Automatic control method of toner concentration is studied under a variety of reflex intensity of developer.
Solving the problem is a toner powder adhering to measuring area, this method can be used in a commercial production.

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