In recent management studies, there has been an increase in the number of studies based on clinical approaches. In clinical research, researchers help practitioners in defining their own problems and solutions to them. The style of intervention from researchers to practitioners in clinical practice is diversified, ranging from companion-dialogue to guidance-direction. The three papers in this special issue exemplify this diversity. In addition to providing an overview of this special issue, this paper presents several points that should be kept in mind when conducting clinical research practices in the field of administrative behavioral science. Specifically, （1） the specific social relations between researchers and practitioners in which scientific knowledge are embedded, （2） the practical utility of research findings as an apolia for researchers, and （3） the power （legitimacy） of scientific knowledge will be discussed.

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In recent years, there has been a growing body of research that focuses on academic-practitioner collaboration which asks what factors contribute to the creation of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the antecedents under which academic and practical performance are compatible. A qualitative comparative analysis（QCA）using data from 33 collaborative research projects revealed that the combination of causal conditions that contribute to the success of collaborative research includes（1） a combination of expertise in collaborative research, correction of power imbalance, interactive feedback session, and pre-interviews, and（2）a combination of being associate professors, initial power imbalance, and interactive feedback session. The implications for these findings are discussed.

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This study aims to examine how fees influence clinical practice for management organizations. Clinical practice refers to the application of professional knowledge through which management organizations can be intervened in an improvement-oriented manner. Clinical fees have been treated reluctantly in action research on management organizations. Further, studies on psychological counseling in clinical psychology have examined how fees influence clinical processes and outcomes. However, they differ from the clinical practice observed in management organizations, such that individuals pay the required fees, the clinical conditions do not change with or without the payment of fees, and clinicians are trusted by their clients from the clinical beginning. Therefore, we describe the relationship between clinical practice and the payment of fees in the context of management organizations based on 20 clinical cases. The findings suggest that fee negotiation creates a clinical structure composed of clinical goals, schedules, and teams while encouraging fees earnings. In addition, it leads to resource mobilization and clinical outcomes, considering that the clinical practice was legitimately performed in the management organization. This clinical structure may reduce the significant influence of clinician behavior on outcomes and allow more researchers to engage in clinical practice in management organizations.

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This paper aims to elucidate how entrepreneurs generate partnerships in the early stages of their ventures as they struggle to realize their business concepts. For this purpose, this study describes entrepreneurs’ partnership development and suffering by tracing the reflection of serial entrepreneurs using a second-person approach in which the entrepreneur and the researcher are deeply engaged. The three findings of this paper are as follows: First, the multiple failures of the entrepreneurs’ businesses were used to contrast how they responded to the preemption of failure by their partners. Second, the entrepreneurs’ partnership generation and loss patterns were compared over numerous business failures. Third, entrepreneurs’interactions with partnerships differed at two points in the time immediately following the failure of their businesses. From these findings and discussion, we present a three-stage model of the process of entrepreneurial partnership development and suffering.

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Although challenge stressors may contribute to young workers' growth, there is a lack of studies on the effects of challenge stressors and hindrance stressors on young workers in Japan. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of challenge stressors and hindrance stressors on competence improvement in a workplace and emotional exhaustion and whether these relationships are mediated by resilience in young workers. The results showed that challenge stressors partially mediated resilience and positively affected competence improvement in a workplace, while hindrance stressors partially mediated resilience and negatively affected competence improvement in a workplace. It was also confirmed that the hindrance stressor partially mediated resilience and positively affected emotional exhaustion.

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The objective of this study was to clarify the process behind the empathy effect caused by biological constraints occurring in online communication. I conducted this study by focusing on web conference media that became rapidly popular due to the COVID-19 pandemic. I established two analytical themes that were “Process of empathy effect in the online environment where biological constraints exist” and “Process of empathy effect in the offline environment where no biological constraints exist” about free talk discussion nineteen people participated and utilized M-GTA to analyze. Within an online environment, we discovered concepts like “information poorness phenomenon”,“ meta-self-interventions”,“ essence-oriented context”, and“ lateral thinking context”. Within an offline environment, we discovered concepts like “high-resolution context sharing”, “misleading empathy”, “relationship building-oriented context”, and “emotion sharing-oriented context”. These concepts enabled us to visualize the unobservable social structural in individual relationships and the process by which empathy is generated through mechanisms that influence the individual relationships. I realized that biological constraints hindered an individual’s communication, but they also variegated and expanded the individual’s empathy levels.

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