Based on field research in Fuqing City (Fujian Province, China), this paper is aimed to investigate the living situation of Chinese newcomers in Japan, as well as the regional characteristics of this representative emigrant area for both Chinese oldcomers and newcomers, and how the newcomers affected their hometown. During the period from late 1980 s to early 1990 s, most of newcomers from Fuqing City came to Japan in groups with easily acquired "Pre-college Student Visa". Learning in Japanese schools, such newcomers kept doing part time jobs to earn their living wages, tuition and the cost to Japan, and gradually their life goals changed to part time jobs from study. Numerous newcomers chose to stay and work illegally for a few years when their visas are no longer valid, and present themselves to the Immigration Bureau, admit their illegal stay and go back to China at last. With the enforcement of strict examination on visa applications from Fujian Province in late 1990 s, visa of student or pre-college student became quite difficult to acquire, and newcomers from Fuqing City changed their emigrant destination from Japan to other areas such as Europe, America and Oceania, etc. Under the influence of Chinese newcomers in Japan to their hometowns, their houses were built or reformed, their families moved from suburban to urban areas, agriculture declined and labor moved in from other areas because of local labor lost. Furthermore, newcomers diverted their saving acquired in Japan for their or their children’ abroad education in Europe and America as well as Japan, and as a result, stimulated the reproduction of Chinese newcomers.

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Artesia and Cerritos are located in the southeastern edge of Los Angeles County, California. Suburban gardening in these areas changed to the dairy reserve from 1930 to 1960 . Dutch and Portuguese dairy farmers were pushed out due to the urban development of Los Angeles and became concentrated in Artesia and Dairy Valley（now Cerritos）. Artesia and Cerritos were incorporated as independent cities just before 1960 , and the dairy reserve was divided into small lots for the residential and commercial use. Many people, especially Pilipinos, Koreans and Chinese became concentrated there in the 1960 s and 1970 s. These ethnic groups formed one of the Ethnoburbs of Los Angeles. 　According to the Sanborn Map surveyed in 1923 , public buildings such as school, hospital, churches, post office and town hall on Pioneer Street were focal points of people of the surrounding market gardening areas. Based on air photos and telephone directory of 1962 , outstanding cultural landscape was hospitals on Pioneer Street, most of the public facilities and private shops were remained. Around 1980 many shopping plazas were constructed on the site formerly occupied by hospitals and at the crossroad. Each shopping plaza has ethnic features of banks, restaurants, clinic and grocery stores. One of the greatest changes of cultural landscape on Pioneer Street was the shift from central shopping district to“ Little India.” The first Indian shop opened in 1979 , and sari shops, jewelry stores and restaurants increased. Around 1995 Indian shops accounted for the majority of the shopping district, suggesting the formation of “ Little India.”

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This study focused on the trends and issues of geographical studies on condominiums in Japan by means of a paper review of condominium supply and condominium demands in urban geography. First, this paper analyzed the Japanese housing market since the Second World War to explore the housing institutions. Second, a paper review of literature from the perspective of condominium supply was described. Third, a paper review of literatures from a perspective of condominium residents was performed. In addition, changing residential structure due to increase of condominium supply was discussed. Finally, the themes that should contribute to the development of geographical studies on housing studies were discussed. Several studies on condominium supply clarified the relationship between condominium supply and change in land use. The development of urban residential structures according to the characteristics of condominium supply was also challenged in the present study. Furthermore, studies on condominium residents were conducted to clarify the characteristics of the residents by residential forms and housing submarket. Residential choices and residential preferences of condominium residents were analyzed frequently. Some studies investigate the condominium suppliers’ strategies with regard to changing housing needs and residential preferences of condominium residents that include the households’ structures and the individual backgrounds of the residents, and searching behaviors for condominiums in the metropolitan region and suburbs; such studies are worthy of discussion.

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[in Japanese]

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