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Jiro NAGASE
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
1-2
Published: March 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2017
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Yukari ARIIZUMI
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
3-16
Published: March 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2017
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This study uses the experimental method to determine the effects of gender-differentiated sentence endings (i.e., male-ending and female-ending forms) on the impression a speaker gives. The Japanese speaker can convey his or her masculinity or femininity through sentence endings. We hypothesize that a speaker gives an impression based on the gender of sentence endings (the gender-effect of sentence endings], and that gender-mismatched sentence endings intensify the impression (the cross-gender effect}. In our experiment, participants evaluated male and female speakers using male-ending, female-ending, or neutral-ending forms. The results supported our hypotheses with some exceptions, which reflects people's social and cultural views on the use of sentence endings.
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Mika ENOMOTO
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
17-29
Published: March 31, 2007
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In this paper, I investigate the cognitive processes involved in turn-taking in Japanese conversation. I verify the hypotheses; (1) that the hearer predicts a potential possible completion point of a speaker's turn with reference to the syntactic and/or prosodic properties of the turn, e.g., case elements and intonation, and (2) that the hearer starts the next turn by recognizing utterance-final elements, e.g., desu and masu, as a trigger of the possible completion of the turn. In this experiment I looked at two factors: (i) the presence/absence of a prediction of a potential turn completion point, and (ii) the presence/absence of utterance-final elements. The reaction times of 27 subjects, measured from the end of the speaker's turn to the start of the subject's turn, were compared using a two factor ANOVA. The results show that subjects take turns significantly faster in the presence of the utterance-final elements whether there is a prediction of a possible completion point or not, and that the reaction times observed in these conditions were comparable with those obserbed in natural conversations. This clearly shows that hearers in Japanese conversation make use of utterance-final elements as a resource for smooth turn-taking to recognize turn-transition place.
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Akiko HAYASHI, Yukihiro NISHINUMA, Hiroko YABE
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
30-40
Published: March 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2017
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This work reports findings on the relationship between speaker sex and linguistic behavior of young Japanese in explanation-giving dialogues. The relationship between speaker sex and (1) the choice of utterance final forms; and (2) the prosodic characteristics of these forms, was examined. Data from 110 students of the Tokyo area revealed no statistically significant effect of the sex factor on the linguistic forms used. However, a statistically significant difference between males and females was seen for the intonation and rhythm of utterence final syllables. Also, the scripts written by women revealed a statistically significant use of symbols, suggesting underlying vowel lengthening or hesitation.
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Yong Nan QUAN
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
41-52
Published: March 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2017
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Since the normalization of Sino-Korean diplomatic relations in 1992, opportunities for linguistic contact between Yanbian Ethnic Koreans and South-Koreans have improved annually. In many cases, Yanbian Ethnic Koreans adopt different verbal behaviors in conversational scenes with South-Koreans compared with the same scenes with Yanbian Ethnic Koreans. This paper compares and analyses the data of Yanbian Ethnic Korean residents of Yanji City in "giving directions" conversations with Yanbian Ethnic Koreans and South Koreans. As a result, the following points have become clear. 1) While Yanbian dialect was used toward Yanbian Ethnic Koreans, many people used Seoul dialect style toward South Koreans. 2) In general, honorific expressions were used toward South-Korean inquirers while symmetric expressions were used toward Yanbian Ethnic Korean inquirers. 3) In general, informants tended to take more care about linguistic usage when talking to males than to females. 4) Expressions of refusal toward Yanbian Ethnic Koreans were more courteous than toward South-Koreans.
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Tomoyuki TAKEGUCHI
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
53-64
Published: March 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate affective factors, including language attitudes and learning motivation, and behavioural factors, of ethnic Korean students attending a Korean school in Japan and whose dominant language is mainly Japanese. In regard to behavioural factors, in this paper as in previous studies, it was observed that the figures declined with generation of descent. On the other hand, in regard to affective factors, it was observed that third generation speakers maintained their motivation and that their attitude towards the heritage language was at least as positive as that of the previous generation. This result indicates that behavioural and affective factors do not necessarily decline at the same time. In addition, we found that female students were more superior to male students in most of the factors related to learning. This superiority appears to be a result of the difference in expectations with regard to social behaviour. Furthermore, we tentatively assume that the relationship between language attitudes and learning motivation is one of cause and result. The result of a path analysis indicates that motivation towards learning the heritage language is derived from the subconscious. Moreover, of the affective factors, the factors of 'interest, concern, identity' and that of 'integrative, intrinsic motivation' were found to be essential for an individual to make progress in learning the heritage language.
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Takayuki KAGOMIYA, Kenji YAMASUMI, Yohichi MAKI, Kikuo MAEKAWA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
65-76
Published: March 31, 2007
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The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors in spontaneous speech influence impression formation. For this purpose, we developed a psychological scale to rate impressions of public speaking (Yamasumi et al., 2005). This scale includes five subscales: "liking", "skillfullness", "speech rate", "activity" and "formality". Using this scale, impression rating scores were given for the monologues of the Core data series in the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. Twenty raters participated: five males in their 20's, five females in their 20's, five males in their 50's and five females in their 50's. Analysis of these data indicates that: formation of "skillfullness" impression is effected by pause-ratio, "speech rate" by mora/sec and pause-ratio, "activity" by pause-ratio. The results also show that the impression values have close relationships with each other.
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Etsuo MIZUKAMI, Ikuyo MORIMOTO, Hiroko OTSUKA, Kana SUZUKI, Hitoshi IS ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
77-92
Published: March 31, 2007
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This study aimed to manifest moderators' viewpoints toward Focus Group Interviews (FGIs) to design a better form of discussion. The impression-rating of twelve scenes from four sessions of FGI were undertaken on two groups of subjects: professional moderators and nonprofessionals (university students). We compared the results of the factor analysis drawn from the impression-rating, and investigated the relationship between the impressions of the discussions and the interactional processes. The results suggest that whereas the students tend to evaluate chiefly the active atmosphere of the scenes, professional moderators tend to additionally regard 'quality of discussions,' such as how information is elicited, and whether enough information was obtained or not.
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Aug NISHIZAKA, HiroYuki NISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
93-101
Published: March 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2017
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Domenic BERDUCCI
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
102-105
Published: March 31, 2007
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Katsuya TAKANASHI
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
106-111
Published: March 31, 2007
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Ichiro OTA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
112-116
Published: March 31, 2007
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Shoji TAKANO
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
117-121
Published: March 31, 2007
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Tomoyo TAKAGI
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
122-126
Published: March 31, 2007
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Masako HIRAGA, Kumiko TORIKAI, Kazuko MATSUOKA, Nobuya SETA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
127-129
Published: March 31, 2007
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Shuya KUSHIDA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
130-134
Published: March 31, 2007
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Kenjiro MATSUDA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
135-138
Published: March 31, 2007
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Makiko TAKEKURO, Risako IDE, Takeko OGAWA, Kazuyoshi SUGAWARA, Yukako ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
139-142
Published: March 31, 2007
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Kuniyoshi KATAOKA
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
143-147
Published: March 31, 2007
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Hitoshi NIKAIDO
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
148-153
Published: March 31, 2007
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Mika ENOMOTO
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages
154-158
Published: March 31, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2017
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