There is no fixed theory with regard to the family system, the
Shih-wu or the neighbor union system and the
Li _??_ system of Chin and
Han. Instead, there are 3 different views to each of the systems as shown below. 1. Family System, a. Small family theory (family composed of man & wife and their children), b.
San-tsu _??__??_ system theory (During the parents are alive, the brothers live together and share properties.), c.
Hsiao-tsung _??__??_ system theory (The brothers live and share properties together throughout their lives.), 2.
Shih-wu or Neighbor Union System, a. 5 families=1 unit theory, b. 5 families=l unit and 10 families=1 unit theory, c. 10 families=1 unit theory, 3.
Li System, a. 25 families=1
Li theory, b. 100 families=1
Li theory, c. no fixed number theory.
The theory of 5 families=1
Lin _??_ and 5
Lin's=1 Li is observed in
Chouli _??__??_ as well as in
Shihming _??__??_ and there is no doubt as to the existence of such a view in
Han period. Judging from the above, "_??__??__??_" in the quotation "_??__??__??__??_, _??__??__??__??_, _??__??__??__??_, _??__??__??__??__??__??_" from
Shihming means that the circumference of the square is 1
Li and does not mean that the area has a radius of 300
pu. Suppose the ratio of sides of a rectangle is 1:3, 1
Li would be 37.5
pu × 112.5
pu=4, 218.75 square
pu. When divided by 25, you get 168.75 square
pu=349.92 square meters per family which is considered proper and reasonable.
This, in deed, does not coincide with "_??__??__??__??_" in
Mengtzu _??__??_ since it would, then, be 1, 036.8 square meters to a family. According to
ching tien, _??__??_ System, however, 1
Wu _??_ is composed of 3
Fu's _??_, each of which was given an arable land of 100 old
Mu _??_. Then if 5 old
Mu is the housing lot for 1
Wu composed of 3
Fu's, the housing lot per
Fu would be 345.6 square meters which nearly coincides with the previous figure. Thus, 5 families=l
Lin, like 3
Fu=1
Wu, may be explained as 5 small families living in one same housing lot making up 1
Wu or 1
Lin. This is the
San-tsu Group of a father, sons and brothers or of similar kinship. Consequently, 25 families=1
Li means 5
San-tsu groups and is therefore a group of kinship. In each
Li, there was its head
Fu lao _??__??_ and also a
She _??_.
Then, how should we explain 100 families=l
Li? According to the
Ch'ien-mo System, 1
Mo=100 houses=l
Li. This is made up of 4 old
Li's. In other words, a new
Li was composed of 4 parts which were separated by a
Hsiang _??_ and a partition in the center of
Li. Li gate was called
Lu _??_ and gate at partition
Yen _??_.
Shih of
Shih-wu was a set of 2
Wu's facing each other with
Hsiang in middle. Accordingly,
Shih was a non-kinship group. As the result,
San-tsu groups received interference from outside in internal affairs and the old
Li order or the order based on
Fu-lao began to dissolve.
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