Aim: To describe the adjustment difficulties experienced by home visiting nurses after recently chang-ing to a home care setting and to examine factors related to these difficulties.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 165 home visiting nurses who had work experi-ence of more than six months and less than three years in a home care agency in Tokyo. The participant nurses completed self-report questionnaires about the difficulties experienced after recently changing their workplace to a home care setting. The factors related to the adjustment difficulties were examined using exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis.

Results: The most frequent difficulties that the nurses experienced were related to a lack of information about medical insurance (86.7%) and long-term care insurance (85.5%). The regression analysis showed that a lower level of nursing practice ability led to a higher level of difficulties in adapting to the different work environment ( β = –0.205, p< 0.01) and in acquiring the specialized techniques and knowledge needed for home care ( β = –0.250, p< 0.001).

Discussion: Difficulties possibly experienced in the transitional phase are related to individual nursing practice ability. Hence, it is necessary to educate nurses individually during the transitional phase.

Conclusion: In order to improve adjustment to a home care setting, it is necessary to educate novice home visiting nurses about home care-related information and techniques in accordance with their indi-vidual nursing practice ability.

【Purpose】 The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the factor structur of organizational citizenship behavior (OCBs) among nurses working in clinical settings in Japan through the develop-ment of the independently created Japanese Nurses Version of the OCB Scale.

【Methods】 The first survey was episode abstraction, in which we drafted the questionnaire. The second survey was a pretest, in which we examined content validity. The third survey was a prelimi-nary survey, in which we refined the question items. The fourth survey was the actual survey, in which we made final decisions on items to adopt in the questionnaire.

【Results】 In the first survey, based on the results of an analysis of the responses obtained from 56 nurses regarding, we created a questionnaire consisting 97 items. Based on this questionnaire, we then administered the second survey to 73 individuals and narrowed down the questionnaire to 76 question items. In the third survey, based on the results of a factor analysis of data obtained from 412 individu-als, we created a scale composed of 54 items and four subscales. In the fourth survey, the results of a factor analysis of data obtained from 521 nurses demonstrated that the OCBs among the nurses in Japan are composed of 37 items on the following three subscales.

【Conclusion】 The present study dem onstrates that the factor structure of the OCBs among the nurses in Japan comprise behaviors pertaining to three factors, namely professional cooperativeness, organiza-tional reform behaviors, and mutual respect behaviors.