The purpose of this paper is to explain and evaluate the activities of the Audit Commission for Local Authorities in England and Wales for improving the educational management and administration in local education authorities. So far, the district audit system checked the expenditures of the local authorities only from the point of illegality and regularity. But, in addition to this, the Audit Commission which was established by the Local Government Act 1982 began to examine the value for money, that is, efficiency, economy and effectiveness, in the provision of the services and the management and administration in the local authorities. And the activities of this Commission influenced and are influencing the educational management and administration in the local education authorities very much. Considering about this. I explained the following points in this paper: (1) Why and how was this Audit Commission established? (2) How was and is the Commission organized and what are the main activites to improve the management and administration in the local authorities? (3) What activities are being done to improve the educational management and administration in the local education authorities? (4) What influences are this Commission exerting on the local education authorities and what evaluations are being done by the people concerned?

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the generating processes of invol-untary attendance in Japanese senior high schools, where there are many serious problems in proportion to the "universalization". First of all, it is suggested that we should clarify the definition of "involuntary attendance", especially concerning its variability. Reviewing some previous literatures, two kinds of variables are pointed out as related factors (ie. "structural factors" and "process factors"). They are supposed to affect the generation of involuntary attendance in complicated way. Secondly, an empirical study is conducted according to the preceding theoretical framework. Through the statistical analysis of quantitative data on high school students (N=853), some findings are indicated as follows: (1) Involuntary attendance isn't inevitable phenomenon at all. (2) Indeed "stuructural factors" (in particular "involuntary entrance") are important ones in some degree, but "process factors" can function as the "improving factors". (3) Occupational relevance of formal curriculum can enhance the proportion of voluntary students, though a wish to get occupational qualifications isn't substantial. (4) Adaptaion to significant others in the classroom (eg. teachers ) can be a match for "structural factors" in the strength of partial correlation. (5) A possibility of organizational activities is exemplified. Finally, the political implications of this study are summarized and the conflicting relations between "conservatism" and "radicalism" are noted. It is necessary to analyze the social functions of Japanese senior high schools by scientific methods. It is also the essential task to the advancement of "involuntary attendance research"

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In contemporary movements of school improvement, school management is important in thinking the quality of education. Therefore what professional growth of school teachers should be and how each of them should teach are regarded as the crucial points for enhancing the quality of education. Then, we clarified the variety of teacher's professional growing process and the influences to the process by the teachers' self-evaluation (1988). In that pepar, we suggested that the role of school management and administration is to promote teachers to deepen their self-consciousness, and to organize the occasions for teacher's professional growth based on teacher's needs. Following that study, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between individuation and cooperation on teaching management in elementary school, in the same way, by the teachers' self-evaluation, especially focused on the organization in the grade level because the two tendency-individuation and cooperation-cross at that grade level in elementary school management. The analysis of their answers comes to the conclusion as follows: (1) Each of them has their own ideal image about teaching, according to own experience, the nature of subject, etc. Therefore, there are many ideal images about teaching in public schools. And their actual images about their own teaching are various according to his or her experience, the nature of subject, and so on. But the actual image does not agree with the ideal image, especially about teaching evaluation which leads to improvement of their teaching. (2) About the matters concerned with teaching guideline, they make a dicision organically in the grade level. And on the other hand, about the concrete matters concerned with teaching, they make a dicision by themselves. (3) If the organization in grade level is managed well, they tend to make a decision about the concrete matters, organically in the grade level. But they tend to teach stiffly. It is necessary that each teacher struggle with own teaching evaluation, and with cooperative improvement of their teaching at grade level.

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The purpose of this survey is to clarify the machanism of teachers' self-educability. Because we think these mechanism could be one of the key concepts to establish a developing plans for teacher's professional growth. In this survey, we tried to collect the date by using the methods of questionnaire and interview survey. The questionnaire survey was designed to get many descriptions about the self-educability of teachers. Out of 1302 registered teachers of all graduate of our university, in December 1988, 372 teachers responded to this survey. The responses to the questionnaire were factor analysed by the principal component method. As the results of analysis, 8 factors, i.e. (I) efforts of professional improvement, (II) self-directed practices, (III) colleague-oriented tendency, (IV) desires of self-reforming, (V) students-oriented tendency, (VI) recipience of others, (VII) wide field of vision and flexibility, (VIII) satisfaction at the present conditions, we obtained.

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