To investigate the relation between plasma apolipoproteins, we measured the concentrations of six apolipoproteins among school children. Factor analysis showed that the six apolipoproteins were represented by three factors: Apolipoprotein B had a high loading on the first factor; Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II had high loadings on the second factor; and Apolipoprotein E had a high loading on the third factor. The first factor reflected an atherogenic nature, the second factor an anti-atherogenic nature, and the third factor other nature. Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II had different factor loadings for the factors.
There was an inverse relation between the first factor and the second factor in a high cholesterol group. Therefore, the high cholesterol group was divided into two groups. One group (high cholesterol-I) was low with the first factor and another group (high cholesterol-II) was high with the first factor. Some indexes showed that high cholesterol-II was more atherogenic than high cholesterol-I.
This study suggests that the measurement of apolipoproteins provide additional information in the assessment of plasma lipoprotein. In particular, a careful observation is necessary during adolescence when significant changes in lipoproteins were indicated.

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There are accumulating data to show that impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is one of the risk factors of coronary artery disease. Dysbetalipoproteinemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and obesity are associated with this metabolic abnormality, and it is important to recognize these disorders at the early stage to prevent coronary artery disease. In this study our aim was to elucidate the risk factors to predict IGT candidates in a general health check. We selected healthy men [n=294, age; 39±5 (mean±SD)] with normal glucose tolerance [NGT; fasting plasma glucose level (FPG)<110mg/dl and glycohemoglobin Alc (HbAlc)<6.1%] who underwent a general health check at their company and chemical tests in a fasting condition were taken every year for 5 years. We designated subjects with FPG≥110mg/dl or HbAlc≥6.1% as IGT, and we classified subjects as staying at NGT (NN) or changing to IGT (NI) groups at the end of the 5th year. Other factors including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and serum lipid levels were also measured every year. Age, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), FPG, and plasma triglyceride level (TG) in the 1st year in subjects in the NI group were significantly higher than those in NN. There were no significant differences in the levels of smoking, alcohol consumption, total and HDL-cholesterol, or uric acid between NI and NN in any year. In chi-square test, FPG≥100mg/dl, hypertension (SBP≥140mmHg or DBP≥90mmHg), and TG≥200mg/dl were significantly associated with IGT at the end of the 5th year. Groups categorized by age ≥38 years old, FPG≥100mg/dl, hypertension, and TG≥200mg/dl in the 1st year had a significantly higher relative risk for IGT in univariate logistic analysis. In multivariate logistic analysis, FPG≥100mg/dl, hypertension, and TG≥200mg/dl were significant predicting factors for the development of IGT. In conclusion, in company general health checks, age, blood pressure levels, FPG, and TG could be useful factors to predict IGT.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among age, obesity index, smoking and serum lipids, and to determine the characteristics of japanese male smokers. The subjects were 11, 708 japanese men, aged 30 to 59, who visited the Tokai University Medical Examination Center during a one year period (1991 to 1992). The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their age; 30's, 40's and 50's, and then subdivided into four groups according to smoking habits: A, non-smoker; B, ex- smoker; C, 1-20 cigarettes a day; D, over 21 cigarettes a day. Dietary habits and alcohol consumption were surveyed using a questionnaire, and the data were analysed in relation to smoking habit. In all decades, the triglyceride levels were higher in smokers, and total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower than in non-smokers. These trends were more marked in older subjects. Compared with the non-smokers, the smokers ate less, weighed less and consumed more alcohol. Most of these indices showed a dose-response correlation with the number of cigarettes smoked. There was no difference between groups A and B in any age group. Our findings suggest that smoking may have some effects on serum lipids, dietary habits, and the obesity index in japanese adult males.

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