保健物理

海洋放射能汚染の防護

市川竜資

1968 年 3 巻 3 号 p. 317-326
発行日: 1968年
公開日: 2010/03/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.3.317

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In view of the rapid increase of nuclear energy facilities such as power plants, fuel-reprocessing plants and so forth, the safe control of the disposal of radioactive wastes into the sea has been and will be of great concern in the world. The present paper deals with the following matters; (1) historical background information of radioactive contamination of the sea due to the past military use of atomic energy, (2) natural and artificial radioactivity in the sea, (3) general features of the behaviour of radioactive nuclides in marine environment, (4) safe management of coastal discharge of radioactive liquid wastes, (5) disposal of solid radioactive wastes into deep sea bottom, and (6) problem on international control of radioactivity release in marine environment.

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皮膚汚染による放射性物質の経皮吸収に関する研究

竹内淑子

1968 年 3 巻 3 号 p. 327-338
発行日: 1968年
公開日: 2010/03/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.3.327

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This study was carried out to investigate the percutaneous absorption of radioisotopes and the first aid procedure for skin contamination accidents.
In the experiments of the percutaneous absorption, a small amount of carrier free ³²P (pH 1) or ⁹⁰Y (pH<1, =10) was pipetted on the normal and the injured skin of rats, and the absorption of these radionuclides was measured for about one hour using the outer counting method. Autoradiographs of the skin contaminated with ³²P or radiocolloidal ¹⁹⁸Au were made. Percentage of the absorption of ³²P through the normal skin was 6.5% of the applied amount. With injury on the skin, the amounts absorbed ranged from 20 to 90%, depending on depth and bleeding state of the wound, but coagulated blood which covered the wound was found to be a good barrier against the absorption of the radioisotope just like as the normal skin. The absorption of ⁹⁰Y was affected with the pH and radiocolloidal ⁹⁰Y was difficult to be absorbed through the normal and the injured skin.
To investigate the blocking means against the percutaneous absorption, the effects of washing and of administration of tannic acid and epirenamine-hydrochlor were examined. Epirenamine-hydrochlor was found to have, although for short time, strong blocking effect against the absorption into the body. From this result, the use of peripheral-angiotonics has been proposed as a first aid procedure for the skin contamination accident.

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放射性浮遊沃素に対する7FE活性炭フィルタの除去性能

1. 沃素-131製造施設における濾過装置設計のための実地試験

成富満夫, 福田整司, 井沢庄治

1968 年 3 巻 3 号 p. 339-347
発行日: 1968年
公開日: 2010/03/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.3.339

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In order to obtain data useful for the design of an air cleaning system at iodine-131 production facilities, the model 7FE charcoal filter (manufactured by Barnebey-Cheney Co., U.S.A.) installed in the exhaust air cleaning system at the lodine-131 Test Production Plant, JAERI was examined for performance for the removal of airborne radioiodine by using the airborne iodine-131 discharged into the exhaust system during the processing, the concentration of which ranges from 10^-5to 10^-8μCi/cc.
The results obtained are summerized as follows:
(1) Removal efficiency over a short period of 30 min at any time after the start of processing decreases with time, due to the increasing desorption of iodine; i. e. it maintains 97% on the average from the start to the first 2 hr independently of the relative humidity of the exhaust air, whereas from 8 hr after the start it decreases from about 95% to about 5% as the relative humidity is increased.
(2) Removal efficiency as determined for long periods more than 5 hr after the start of processing depends greatly on the relative humidity; i. e. at relative humidity of less than 50% the removal efficiency over 24 hr after the start exceeds 90%, whereas at relative humidity of more, than 70% it decreases to 85%.
(3) By installing the model 7FE charcoal filter in place of an absolute filter, an amount of iodine 131 discharged from the stack reduces to 1/20 on the average.
(4) No appreciable deterioration of the performance for the removal of airborne iodine-131 is found through one year of continuous exposure to exhaust ventilation air from the Iodine-131 Test Production Plant.

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密閉型全自動洗濯機によるRI防護衣の除染法

安中秀雄, 足利谷好信, 和達嘉樹, 岩屋慎吉

1968 年 3 巻 3 号 p. 348-351
発行日: 1968年
公開日: 2010/03/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.3.348

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汚染除去作業上安全であり, かつ能率的なRI防護衣の除染法として, 密閉型全自動洗濯機による洗浄法が考えられる。そこで木綿製のRI防護衣の定期的除染を, 市販の密閉型全自動洗濯機で行うため, 種々の条件設定試験を行った。その結果, 自動洗濯操作のプログラムを作成した。
本試験で得られたプログラムは, RI防護衣 (木綿製) の汚染除去の場合, 他の型や大きさの自動洗濯機にも, それに応じた適当な変更をすれば使用しうるものである。

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²²Naによる人体汚染事故例

小野道実, 小西恵美子, 金子正人, 吉沢康雄

1968 年 3 巻 3 号 p. 352-354
発行日: 1968年
公開日: 2010/03/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.3.352

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