The production expenses and shipping costs of fisheries on islands are higher than those on the mainland. Therefore, measures are in place to provide assistance, such as financial aid for shipping costs to mitigate the inconvenience in distribution, subsidies for maintaining production facilities, and implementing new refrigeration and storage technology to prevent the loss of freshness. To guarantee higher gross profits to sustain business on islands versus the mainland, efforts in branding and value-added processing have been successful in maintaining a preferential pricing structure. Although branding is widely used to maintain preferential prices, the results cannot be guaranteed. Branding generates additional costs, and so a campaign that does not secure a preferential price for products translates into a loss of gross profits for the fisher. This case study aimed to clarify the factors leading to the preferential price of kabosu yellowtail, especially the source of its competitiveness in the market. We analyzed the role of Oita Prefecture, the Oita Prefecture Fishermen’s Cooperative, and other parties concerned with the market in the kabosu yellowtail brand, and identified the source and problem of its competitiveness. Based on this, we examined the future of branding on islands. Based on our case study analysis, the following were found to be important in guaranteeing a preferential price: 1) planned production based on demand; 2) carefully selected sales channels; 3) avoiding competition between businesses in the same prefecture; and 4) concentrating support on a single brand. However, the analysis revealed the following problems: kabosu yellowtail sales are entirely reliant on the Oita Prefecture Fishermen’s Cooperative and Oita Prefecture; 1) issues when trading with mass retailers; 2) rival products; 3) and a shrinking market for yellowtail raised on regular feed as opposed to kabosu yellowtail. These efforts for island regions are limited to the scale of island markets, where considerable time and money are needed to promote sales than that for mainland businesses. Additionally, branding efforts result in the survival of the fittest in businesses with similar products in the same prefectural region, among islands, and within the same island. Such branding efforts function as a survival strategy for specific remote islands and specific producers, but do not promote the whole fishing industry on remote islands. These factors must also be taken into consideration when promoting the island fishing industry through branding or when branding for policies related to the promotion of island fishing industries.
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