The Journal of Island Studies
Online ISSN : 1884-7838
Print ISSN : 1884-7013
ISSN-L : 1884-7013
Volume 19, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
Articles
  • Sota YAMAMOTO
    2018 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 115-126
    Published: August 31, 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Piis-Paneu Island, located on the ring reef of Chuuk Atoll, Chuuk State, the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), is the most distantly inhabited island in Chuuk Atoll from Weno Island, the capital and commercial center of Chuuk State. A 5-year food consumption survey was conducted on Piis-Paneu Island to reveal annual fluctuations in food consumption and to understand the effects of a typhoon on dietary patterns on a small island. The huge typhoon had a devastating impact on the production of some crops, especially breadfruit, on the island, and the frequency of breadfruit consumption did not return to a normal level even 3 years after the typhoon. It is necessary to manage famine food, such as Alocasia macrorrhizos and Tacca leontopetaloides, or naturalized plants on each island, and to pass traditional knowledge of these plants to the next generation as a precaution for food shortages caused by typhoons or other natural disasters. The dietary patterns on Piis-Paneu Island are traditional compared to those on Pohnpei Island, the center of Pohnpei State and home of the FSM capital city Kolonia; the consumption of local starchy staples and local marine resources is much greater, while the consumption of canned fish, imported meat, and flour products is lower. This 5-year study confirms that the dietary patterns on Piis-Paneu Island remain traditional with the addition of modern food, even though a typhoon hit the island during the survey.
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  • Hideki HASEGAWA
    2018 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 127-149
    Published: August 31, 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Corsican nationalism can be chronologically and formationally classified into three periods. Nationalism emerged in Corsica as some components of “new social movement (A. Touraine)” in the first period of about two decades 1960-80. Its characteristic is transformation and development from several local or populist struggles to regionalist movement, from regionalism to autonomist and separatist movement. During the second period of about two decades 1980-2000, nationalist movement was in slump or lost its balance in the several “geopolitical conflicts” on the Corsican society. Especially, by some internal conflicts among the nationalists since 1990 (fratricide war), Corsican nationalism as a movement was extremely broken up and marked the end. In the third period from the year 2000 to present, two new Corsican leaders guided Corsican nationalist idea, thought and purpose toward the outside of the nationalist movement. And at last their new coalition organization won the Corsican political society in 2015. This recent nationalist victory in Corsica is often correlated and compared with Catalan or Scottish independent movement. However actual Corsican nationalism does not aim the independence of the island from France but drawing out a maximum profit from the European Union by making use of the concept of the European (Mediterranean) insularity.
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  • Tomoko KANAYAMA
    2018 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 151-170
    Published: August 31, 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study aims to explore the role of FM Uken, a community radio at Uken village of the Amami Ohshima, a subtropical island located between Kagoshima and Okinawa. Uken village, the residents of which was less than two thousand, has opened FM Uken in 2010 as the second community radio in the island. Since then, this small, but the uniquely operated community FM broadcaster has affected to open other two community FMs in the island. Particularly, its unique radio programming became the model for the programming of these two radio. The program is organized with the mix of self-produced programs and various programs produced by other broadcasters including prefectural broadcasters (MBC and Kagoshima broadcasting operated in the mainland) and community FM broadcasters (FM Amami, FM Setouchi, and FM Tastsugo in Amami island, Rainbow FM in Tokyo city). Even though this mixed programming is quite rare compared to the programming of community FM broadcasting in general, it could help for small-scaled community FM broadcaster to program for long period of time. FM Setouchi and FM Tastsugo have kept FM Uken’s style in their programming for broadcasting. Because of this mixed programming, the research questions were raised in this study: 1) how listeners of FM Uken would listen to the mixed program, 2) how listeners of FM Uken would feel FM Uken in everyday life, and 3) what kind of the meaning to the local community FM Uken would be. This study conducted the in-depth interview with key persons and village people and focus group interviews. In addition, the content analysis of the request messages from listeners was conducted. The results revealed that the listeners discerned FM Uken-produced programs from various different programs with their ears. Also, the listeners have been using FM Uken broadcasting for enjoying and utilizing in various situations in their everyday life. It also highlighted not only the habit of listening to the radio but also the creation of a radio culture by themselves. It is understood that the listeners did not expect to gain new information through the program but to participate in the villagers’ talks as a listener for enjoying and sharing that with other villagers. It seems that it was functioning as a place of ritual communication. It is also important that it became routinely in the villagers’ living space. Many listeners were turning on the radio when getting up in the morning, listening to the island songs flowing from the radio and the news and information on the village, and listening to the villager’s talks. This is the participation and confirmation of Uken village. As such, it could be regarded as ritual communication on/through FM Uken. FM Uken has continued broadcasting by adopting a programming method of mixing “gaze of Uken village” and “gaze of other cultures and regions.” Even though various information and culture entered a small village, “the gaze of the villagers” was not become immersed. Rather, it was a new time-space to join and integrate the community of Uken village for the villagers. This is the meaning of the existence of FM Uken for the community. Thus, this study revealed that the FM Uken became a cultural symbol of Uken village, and it is the significance of the study.
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  • Yoshihiro KURONUMA
    2018 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 171-193
    Published: August 31, 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Though a bridge was built between isolated islands, it sometimes happens that the population of the island continues decreasing. The life of islanders becomes convenient by bridging. However, they do not continue living in the island if they do not have utility for residence in there. In this paper, by an economic theory we perform analysis of islanders to choose a place of residence. We deal with an environmental factor and a mental factor as two axes in the theory of utility to choose a place of residence. And we use indifference curve to examine utility of the islander on the anteroposterior time when a bridge is built. Furthermore, we examine optimization about the consciousness of the islander with bridging. We should check weak Pareto optimum solutions of the time well. A method for him to continue living in the island is shown in weak Pareto optimum solutions. As an example, we take up Ikema-jima and Kurima-jima in the Miyako-jima region, Okinawa prefecture. In addition, we consider about the prospects Irabu-jima and Shimojishima where Irabu Ohashi was crosslinked to Miyako-jima.
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