This research was carried out in 2005 and 2006 in the coastal area of eastern Viti Levu, Republic of the Fiji Islands, where coral reefs and mangrove forests coexist. The aim is to study the relationship between the marine environments, the biodiversity of marine industrially important species and the fisheries at the community level. Twenty one families, 22 genuses, 33 species of fish and 8 families, 9 genuses, 11 species of mollusks were caught by the local people in this area. Salinity in the mangrove area was lower than in the coral reef area. Carbon-based biomass and its composition in the zooplankton community were also different in both areas. Fishing methods used were net fishing, hand line fishing, and spear fishing for fish and gleaning on the tidal flat to find a siphon of bivalve. In this area, traditional fishing techniques were used and the healthy natural environment conditions existed, and these might contribute to maintain the high biodiversity level of fish and mollusks. In the further sustainable use of coastal resources, community based resource management and ecosystem based co-management are important.

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The ichthyofauna was investigated at 2 sites (Nairogo and Telaw) around coastal area coexisting mangrove forest and coral reef in Viti Levu Island, Fiji. A total of 1, 175 individuals of 65 species belonging to 19 families were recorded. The ichthyofauna was characterized by larger individuals and species numbers of coral-associated and/or planktophagous species. Although number of species was greater at the site where the coral coverage and water visibility were higher, density (/100m²) was similar between the sites. Fish density in this study area might be affected by the water visibility, and the distribution patterns of live coral and food resources for fishes.

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There are too much examples of risks for islander's life. For our study some criteria can be arranged to meet the difficulties for sustainability: long impact, huge loss, heavy and basic damages for 3 lives of islanders (life-long effect, their physical and psychological conditions), exposure on prerequisite environmental elements for their community life (5 wares=hard ware, soft ware, human ware, spiritual ware, ecological ware), developmental conditions especially for their next generation (education, skills, job opportunities, equity, human resources for youth, stock base, QOL acquisition more than BHN) and conquest of trade-off dilemma. The taxonomy of events is also effective to know the boundary and diversities for preparatoin. Man-made disaster: war, governance mistake, illegal waste dumping, pollution, red soil by development of farmland, confinements in leper colony, specific heavy taxes, debts of the community and crime like abduction. Natural disaster on earth (volcano eruption, tsunami, great earthquake, land slide or fall, land subsidence), weather (typhoon and strong wind, tidal wave, heavy rain or flood, damage from salt, drought, and climate change and sea rise) and creature (outbreak of harmful insects, exotic animal and plants, poison, worthy exposure in natural park, heritage or Ramsar wetland, and island biodiversity).
All of these might be only sample studies, however if we can do enough, we can make island calamity list against sustainability. After some steps we can get sufficient conditions to prepare any risk and step up strategy towards island sustainability and nissological methods for risk management and governance.

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[in Japanese]

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