The purpose of this qualitative research was to discover the experiences of the women in panic during the labor. Nine women, selected and assessed by their midwives, were interviewed about their birth experiences. The data were analyzed extracting the following factors: the physical contractions, the communication gap between midwife and woman and the expectations of labor versus the reality. In their birth experiences, we also found out psychological state regarding: 1. confidence 2. agitation 3. feeling threatened 4. fear 5. feeling overwhelmed 6.unpredictability 7. pain 8. denial 9. confusion 10.conflict. The first eight factors were associated with their contractions. Factors nine and ten resulted from poor communication.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of intrapartum care given by midwives as assessed by women in the postpartum period and by midwives. The conceptual framework was based on the model of quality assurance. The instruments used for assessment by the mothers were as follows: the structure variable was medical care intervention; the process variables were supportive care and assistance for daily life; the outcome variables were the mother's satisfaction with services given at delivery, satisfaction of the birth experience and the mother's experience of trauma. The instruments used for assessment by midwives were as follows: the structure variable was the length of working experience; the process variables were supportive care and monitoring care; the outcome variable was job satisfaction. Moreover, the structure variable system for providing medical care was the continuous care system and ward constitution. The subjects consisted of 367 mothers and 208 midwives in 17 different hospitals and clinics.
The result were:(1) There was a correlation between the supportive care received by mothers and that given by midwives.(2) A correlation was also found between the assistance for daily life received by mothers and the supportive care given by midwives.(3) There was a correlation between the satisfaction with services received by mothers at delivery and the supportive care given by midwives.(4) There was a relationship between the ward constitution and 5 other factors, a) medical care intervention, b) supportive care received by mothers, c) assistance for daily life, d) services at delivery and e) satisfaction of the birth experience.

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To investigate changes in husband's “engrossed behaviors” and verbal motivations made by a midwife to induce husband's “engrossed behaviors” during labor in the presence of the husband, video recording from the latter half of phase of maximal slope of the first stage of labor to the completion of labor and analysis of the obtained video tapes were performed using 15 pairs, primiparas and their husbands.
Among husband's engrossed behavio rs, the frequencies of affectionate behaviors and concentration reactions were significantly higher in the second stage, as compared with the latter half of phase of maximal slope and deceleration phase of the first stage (p<0.01). The frequencies of verbal motivations by a midwife, which included calling associated with laborpains and made the husband perceive phenomena associated with labor, were significantly higher in the second stage, as comperd with the latter half of phase of maximal slope and deceleration phase of the first stage (p< 0.01). The frequencies of midwife's callings associated with labor pains during the second stage was positively correlated with the frequencies of husband's physical contacts to his wife (r=0.673, p< 0.01) and that of concentration reactions (r=0.551, p< 0.05). The frequency of verbal motivations that made the husband more perceive phenomena of labor was positively correlated with the frequencies of husband's stares on his wife (r=0.536, p < 0.05) and that of concentration reactions (r=0.922, p<0.01).
From these result, the role of midwife as a labor guide for the husband was c larified, but the need for descriptive studies on husband's emotional changes during labor was also suggested at the same time.

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The purpose of this study is to pursue the efficient use of the clinical settings, and instructor's behaviors that lead to more efficient learnings for midwifery students. For the purpose, this study is aimed to be known the learning processes of them. So, 7 midwifery students, who were studing under midwifery educational program at a college, were interviewed every after being over their clinical leanings of labor terms. The results were as follows.
1. The learning process:
They were acc umlating their learnings on what they felt their shortage of.
2. The 5 developmetal stages on the assessment of labor progress:
The 1 stage: afford to think of no labor progress.
The 2 stage: catch the atmosphere of progressing the labor.
The 3 stage: catch the signs of the gradual progressing the labor.
The 4 stage: catch the signs of the labor progress broadly from woman's behaviors.
The 5 stage: catch the particular delicate signs which indicate labor progress precisely.

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The purpose of thiss tudy is to trace the extent and change of postpartum woman's anxiety as they may have during thep ostpartum period up until one month after delivery. A series of continuous survey were conducted against a sample of 681 postpartum women at three different stage (during hospitalization, one week after discharge, and onemonth after delivery).The anxiety score used STAI.
A total 532 women responded to all of the surveys. The effective answer was 528. The average state anxiety score by STAI was 37.5 points during hospitalization, 39.5 points one week after discharge, and 39.2 points one month after delivery,
State anxiety was higher among the primiparae. The average trait anxiety score, on the other hand, was 39.2 points during hospitalization, 39.3 points one week after discharge, and 39.7 points one month after delivery.
The anxiety scores were examined in relation to postpartum women's backgrounds and were found to have significant relevance to their educational backgrounds, the symptoms of which they were conscious at menstruation and morning sickness, and their understandings of childbirth.
The state anxiety scores were divided into three groups with average±1SD and traced up until one month after delivery. Those who were in the medium anxiety group during hospitalization and then shifted to the high anxiety group one week after discharge had little chances of shifting to the low anxiety group one month after delivery, it was equally rate to shift to the high anxiety group one month after delivery if they were in the medium anxiety group during hospitalization and then shifted to the low anxiety group one week after discharge had little chances of shifting to the low anxiety group one month after discharge.

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