The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of several telephone counselling ser-vice for primipara in the early postpartum period.
The framework of this study was based on the model of Reva Rubin, in the early postpartum, “ Taking in phase”.
For experimental group, two of more telephone were made as an intervation between dis-charge and one month.
To distinguish the effect of intervention, questionnaire was made at 2 points, [state of primipara in the early postpartum] and [evaluation of medical staff's care].
The [state of primipara in the early postpartum] questionnaire consisted of three categories; Changing physical condition; Daily rhythm; Self Esteem, and [Evaluation of Medical Staff's care] consisted of two sub-categories; Telling about herself ; getting the knowledge and guarantee, and examined the reliability and validity.
Subjects are recruited by conbenience and 41 primipara were in expeimental group and 42 were control one.
There is not quite differences between two groups.
In terms of ‘having a time for herself’ in “daily rhythm” and ‘sense of physical recovrey’ in “changing physical condition”, the point of experimental group was higher than that of control group, at a 0.05 significant level.
In addition, telephone counselling servise was approved “telling about herself” in [evaluation of medical staff's care].

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The purpose of this study was to clarify how puerperae perceive experiences they will face after hospital discharge and to identify the factors related to the formation of the living images. Forty-four puerperae who had normal pregnancies responded to a questionnaire regarding their anticipated and actual experiences. A statistical analysis was performed to assess the difference between the living images of daily activities and actual experience as well as to correlate these findings with the background of the subjects.
Results:
1. Living images after hospital discharge were close to actual experience, except for the number of baby care hours.
2. For the period immediately after hospital discharge, the puerperae experiences were close to what they perceived because of the support they received from family.
3. At the time of the medical examination, one month after delivery, the puerperae noted that housekeeping hours increased as they expected but baby care hours increased significantly more than they expected. Sleep and rest hours were reduced.
4. The following can be considered as factors used by the puerperae in forming living images after hospital discharge factors such as baby care experiences, the baby feeding method, and the amount and quality of support they received after discharge.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate at what caregivers identify specific difficulties related to childcare. Two areas were studied: 1) Characteristics of night sleep during the first four months after birth, and 2) aspects of temperament related to specific difficulties to be handled at one-month-infant. The questionnaire was given to mothers caring for children from 1 month through 4 months. The number of useful answers needed to equal 239 (a 69.9% useful answer percentage of the replies).
From the results, the following facts were noted:
1. Mothers, in the group whose infants took more than 30 minutes of sleep latency, sensed more confusion and difficulty in handling their infants.
2. Significant differences among the 3 groups were noted in the state anxiety score by STAI on the basis of average 1 SD. The scores demonstrated increased difficulty in handling the infant among the mother's group with high anxiety.
3. Regarding the temperament of the child, there were 5 distinctive areas investigated including difficulty in handling; approach, adaptability, intensity, mood, and distractibility. The characteristics noted in these features were: hesitation with new stimulation, difficulty in becoming accustomed to change in the environment, loud crying, and a slow reaction to being soothed.

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The purpose of this study was to identify different types of perineal incisions and determine how long each type of incision disrupts a postnatal women's daily life. This was a ret-rospective analysis with a questionnaire that included a semistructured self-report and a description of the women's experience with perineal tearing at 3 months after birth. Additional demographic and obstetrical data were obtained from medical records. The subjects were 108 women. Quantitative and content analyses were used for data analysis. At last, 70 women (without intact perineum, hemorrhage, hematoma, episiotomy and further tear), of the 35 women were underwent episiotomy and another 35 women had been spontaneous laceration were compared for analysis. We found a significantly higher frequency of analgesic use for perineal pain and a longer period of disruption of daily life (sleeplessness, difficulty with bathing, and go out and about) in the episiotomy group. These women were more afraid of sexual intercourse and had less understanding from their families about perineal pain than the laceration group. There is no significant difference in the frequency of incontinence between these groups or between primipara and multipara women. But there is significant difference between whether experienced incontinence or not while pregnancy. Incontinence may begin with the onset of pregnancy rather than from damage to the pelvic floor during delivery. Intervention is needed to start from pregnancy to reduce incontinence after birth. 5 dimensions: distribution by tears, pain, information, interpretations, decision - making were represented from qualitative analysis. In order to promote postnatal health, it is important, therefore, to eliminate unnecessary episiotomies, effectively manage perineal pain, support a woman's decision-making at delivery, and adequately provide information.

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Special treatment and accurate information for appropriate cares for Climacteric women are needed. This paper deals with the actual health situation of such women. Research was carried out on females, ages 40 to 60, who reside in Mito and Miyazaki City, with 282 and 379 respectively being chosen as informants. Statistical differences within the two areas were found to be minimal. About 40% of the informants worried about their health, 8.5% want to have some sort of treatment. On the average, the informants have 9 to 10 symptoms which related to their health consciousness. The main symptoms were found to be forgetfulness, stiff shoulders, chills, headaches and backaches, and a decrease in sexual desires. The data shows the self-appraisal time of Climacterium with references to age, the number and stress level of symptoms, and the situation of menstruation.

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