The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the nursing studies related to a psychological aspect of the patients with infertility, and to identify for needs of the further study. A systematic review of the literatures were conducted in order to analyze topics classification and its trends by years. The literatures related to the psychological aspects were selected and compared with their research questions, subjects, and methods.
As a result, the number of the related literatures increased since 1980s, and of the literatures focusing on the patients experiences, meanings, and coping behavior increased remarkably since 1990s, however there was a few number of Japanese literatures generally within the way of reference used on this study. It was found that the focus of the studies were on what the patients had experiencd, and the couple or female patients with infertility were selected, and qualitative reserach methods were used.
In conclusion, the studies were limited on couple or female, more study needed on male. Studies were limited superficially on phenomena, more study shall be encouraged to clarify the factors related to the phenomena.

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The purpose of this study was to systematically describe the dimensions of pain during the progression of labor in primiparas and multiparas. The characteristics of pain were operationalized as responses of 41 primiparas and 64 multiparas to 3self-report measures, the Visual Analogue Scale, the Verbal Rating Scale and the McGill-Melzack pain Questionnaire, when the cervix was dilated0-3cm, 4-7cm, 8-9cm, 10cm and third stage. With 44 0ut of 105 laboring women, the uterine contractions were measured by tocographies except Stage III.
The findings of this study are summarized as follows.
1. primiparas had most intense pain in dilation of 8-9cm and multiparas had most intense pain in stage II.
2. Primiparas had significantly more painin Stages I than multiparas.
3. Miltiparas had significantly more pain during Stages II and III than primiparas.
4. Three self-report measures tended to be better correlated with the uterine contractions in dilation of4-7cm and of 8-9cm.
It is suggested that the analyses of labor pain by both subjective and objective methods may gain profound knowledge.

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Our study was conducted with the purpose of clarifying, when it is the woman's own mother who assists her after childbirth, 1) what the postpartum woman's anxieties are during the first month after birth, and 2) what the relationship is between these anxieties and her own mother's attitude in assisting her in taking care of her child. During home visits 2-3 days after discharge from the hospital and again at 2-3 weeks after the birth, we surveyed 20 primipara, who had given birth in private hospitals in Tokyo, and their mothers.
Our results showed that all of the postpartum women had some anxieties. Responses to the first of the two surveys, identified 127 anxieties. Of these, 100 were regarding the newborn, the majority of which (67) concerned childcare techniques. We also found the women's mothers' attitudes in giving assistance fell into 3 different categories: 1) supportive of her daughter's ideas but ready to intervene if she deemed it absolutely necessary, 2) completely laissezfaire, due to a lack of confidence in her own ideas, and 3) aggressive in trying to assert her own ideas on her daughter. The actual occurrence of what the postpartum woman had feared seemed to derive not only from the attitude of her mother, but also from other factors such as how the woman handled advice from her mother, how she interpreted childcare books, and what her previous experience had been in taking care of children.
After discharge from the hospital, women had various anxieties. The fact that there were many cases in which the assistance offered by the woman's mother did not alleviate her anxieties indicates that women need continuous support from professionals such as midwives ever after leaving the hospital.

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