The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between skeletal changes and changes in the three-dimensional pharyngeal airway morphology in patients after two jaw surgery. The subjects were 12 patients with mandibular prognathism who underwent simultaneous anterior maxillary advancement of at least 3.0 mm and mandibular setback of at least 6.0 mm using SSRO and LeFort I osteotomy. Correlations of the pharyngeal airway volume, cross-sectional area, and anteroposterior width and lateral width diameters with skeletal changes were determined using lateral cephalograms and 3DCT at T0 (preoperative), T1 (3 months postoperatively), and T2 (6 months postoperatively). Changes in the pharyngeal airway volume and width at T0, T1, and T2 were subjected to the Friedman test, and if significant differences were noted (p =0.05), a Wilcoxon signed rank sum test (adjusted by Bonferroni) was performed (p =0.0167). The correlation between the change in cephalometric analysis and that in the pharyngeal airway morphology was also compared using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (p =0.05). N-volume was significantly greater at T1 and T2 compared with T0 (p <0.01). S-Go was positively correlated with O-volume (ρ =0.64), E-CSA (ρ =0.63) and E-APL (ρ =0.59). FMA was negatively correlated with N-volume (ρ =-0.65), P-APL (ρ =-0.62), and E-LTW (ρ =-0.59), and N-ANS showed a positive correlation with P-CSA (ρ =0.61) and E-CSA (ρ =0.66). It was suggested that maxillary advancement may cause increases in the nasopharyngeal airway volume and anterior-posterior diameter of the pharyngeal airway in the palatal region, and narrowing of the airway in the laryngeal region due to a decrease in the anterior-posterior facial height.

　　The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the buccolingual position of the mandibular canal on preoperative CT and neurosensory disturbance after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in Japanese orthodontic patients.
　　The study subjects were 134 patients who underwent SSRO at the University Hospital (49 males and 85 females), with a mean age of 27.2 years (range, 17-51.75 years). Patients were divided into three groups regarding the buccolingual position of the mandibular canal: separated, contact, and fused.
　　There was no difference in the appearance of postoperative neurosensory disturbance on the left and right sides. Morphological classification of the mandibular canal was: 57.1% for the separated type, 27.2% for the contact type, and 15.7% for the fused type. Our results revealed that the frequency of neurosensory disturbance was high in the fused type and low in the separated type.

　　The trigeminocardiac reflex（TCR）is a nerve reflex characterized by sudden onset of bradycardia, asystole, and hypotension upon peripheral or central stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. There are reports of TCR-induced bradycardia, sinus arrest, and asystole during craniomaxillofacial fracture surgeries. However, reports of asystole due to TCR during zygomatic fracture repair are very rare. Administering shallow anesthesia is one of the risk factors for TCR; additionally, pain and perineuromuscular stimulation caused by the insertion of an orthostatic device in zygomatic fracture repair are known triggers. We report a case of asystole involving a 61-year-old male patient who underwent TCR during zygomatic fracture repair, which neither the plastic surgeon nor anesthesiologist noticed immediately. The possibility of asystole due to TCR during zygomatic fracture repair and its effects should be known not only by the attending plastic surgeons and anesthesiologists, but also the staff involved in the surgery.