Problems of orbital fracture surgeries include the narrow and deep surgical field, the difficulty of detecting the correct position of deep fractures, and the insufficiency of methods of teaching young surgeons. To overcome these problems, we introduced a combination therapy consisting of transorbital endoscopy, image-guided navigation system, and a 3D model.
　　Using endoscopy to assist with surgery, all medical staff can share a clear and magnified surgical vision through the high-resolution monitor. Transorbital endoscopic surgeries facilitate finding the microfracture easily even in the deep part of the orbit; thus, the image-guided navigation system adds accuracy and objectiveness to endoscopic surgeries. By a combination of endoscopy and image-guided navigation, we can avoid inadequate reduction of deep orbital fractures, which make orbital surgeries safer and easier and shortens the learning curve of young surgeons. Furthermore, 3D modeling can replicate real orbital shape and facilitate preoperative training of orbital surgeries. Using a mirrored 3D model, a precisely shaped bone graft can be manufactured and placed to the orbital defect.
　　Combining endoscopy, image-guided navigation system, and 3D modeling can contribute to safe and accurate orbital surgeries.

　　Agnathia is a congenital anomaly of the craniofacial region characterized by mandibular deficiency or dysplasia, tongue deficiency, and microstomia. It is caused by a defect in the development of branchial arches at around 4 weeks of gestation. It is an extremely rare disease and has a poor prognosis. It is sometimes associated with holoprosencephaly and situs inversus. Herein, we describe a case of agnathia without serious complications, in which we treated the microstomia with commissuroplasty with good results. The case was a 6-year-old male. He had agnathia and microstomia from birth. No other external congenital anomalies were found. A commissuroplasty was performed for microstomia, and the width of the mouth commissure was widened from about 13 mm preoperatively to about 30 mm postoperatively. The patient achieved adequate mouth opening and improved oral hygiene. The postoperative course was uneventful. Although functional reconstruction is difficult, a commissuroplasty for microsomia associated with agnathia may be effective in improving oral hygiene and cosmetics.

　　Cavernous hemangioma of the skull is a rare pathological diagnosis, accounting for 0.2% of bone tumors. Here, the authors describe eight Japanese cases of frontal bone hemangioma. Five men and three women aged from 36 to 54 years were studied. The lesions were situated in the frontal bone: two in the supraorbital region and the rest in the forehead. En-bloc resection including perilesional bone was performed in all cases. Following resection, the bone defect was reconstructed immediately using the outer or inner table of the split calvarial bone harvested from the same region. Patients have been followed up for between 48 and 180 months post-operatively, maintaining a good contour and showing no evidence of recurrence. The choice of surgical technique is important for long-term outcomes regarding both esthetics and complete resection.