In 1872, G. Darboux defined a family of curves on surfaces of ℝ³ which are preserved by the action of the Möbius group and share many properties with geodesics. Here, we characterize these curves under the view point of Lorentz geometry and prove that they are geodesics in a 3-dimensional sub-variety of a quadric Λ⁴ contained in the 5-dimensional Lorentz space ℝ⁵₁ naturally associated to the surface. We construct a new conformal object: the Darboux plane-field 𝒟 and give a condition depending on the conformal principal curvatures of the surface which guarantees its integrability. We show that 𝒟 is integrable when the surface is a special canal.

If C is a smooth projective curve over a number field k, then, under fair hypotheses, its L-function admits meromorphic continuation and satisfies the anticipated functional equation if and only if a related function is 𝔛-mean-periodic for some appropriate functional space 𝔛. Building on the work of Masatoshi Suzuki for modular elliptic curves, we will explore the dual relationship of this result to the widely believed conjecture that such L-functions should be automorphic. More precisely, we will directly show the orthogonality of the matrix coefficients of GL_2g-automorphic representations to the vector spaces $\mathcal{T}$(h($\mathcal{S}$,{k_i},s)), which are constructed from the Mellin transforms f($\mathcal{S}$,{k_i},s) of certain products of arithmetic zeta functions ζ($\mathcal{S}$,2s) ∏_iζ(k_i,s), where $\mathcal{S}$ → Spec($\mathcal{O}$_k) is any proper regular model of C and {k_i} is a finite set of finite extensions of k. To compare automorphicity and mean-periodicity, we use a technique emulating the Rankin–Selberg method, in which the function h($\mathcal{S}$,{k_i},s)) plays the role of an Eisenstein series, exploiting the spectral interpretation of the zeros of automorphic L-functions.

We consider some natural infinitesimal Einstein deformations on Sasakian and 3-Sasakian manifolds. Some of these are infinitesimal deformations of Killing spinors and further some integrate to actual Killing spinor deformations. In particular, on 3-Sasakian 7 manifolds these yield infinitesimal Einstein deformations preserving 2, 1, or none of the 3 independent Killing spinors. Toric 3-Sasakian manifolds provide non-trivial examples with integrable deformation preserving precisely 2 Killing spinors. Thus in contrast to the case of parallel spinors the dimension of Killing spinors is not preserved under Einstein deformations but is only upper semi-continuous.

In [4], B. Kim, and the authors classified 2-chains with 1-shell boundaries into either RN (renamable)-type or NR (non renamable)-type 2-chains up to renamability of support of subsummands of a 2-chain and introduced the notion of chain-walk, which was motivated from graph theory: a directed walk in a directed graph is a sequence of edges with compatible condition on initial and terminal vertices between sequential edges. We consider a directed graph whose vertices are 1-simplices whose supports contain 0 and edges are plus/minus of 2-simplices whose supports contain 0. A chain-walk is a 2-chain induced from a directed walk in this graph. We reduced any 2-chains with 1-shell boundaries into chain-walks having the same boundaries.

In this paper, we reduce any 2-chains of 1-shell boundaries into chain-walks of the same boundary with support of size 3. Using this reduction, we give a combinatorial criterion determining whether a minimal 2-chain is of RN- or NR-type. For a minimal RN-type 2-chains, we show that it is equivalent to a 2-chain of Lascar type (coming from model theory) if and only if it is equivalent to a planar type 2-chain.

A diffusion process associated with the real sub-Laplacian Δ_b, the real part of the complex Kohn–Spencer Laplacian □_b, on a strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold is constructed via the Eells–Elworthy–Malliavin method by taking advantage of the metric connection due to Tanaka and Webster. Using the diffusion process and the Malliavin calculus, the heat kernel and the Dirichlet problem for Δ_b are studied in a probabilistic manner. Moreover, distributions of stochastic line integrals along the diffusion process will be investigated.

When the growth at infinity of a function u on ℝ^N is compared with the growth of |x|^s for some s ∈ ℝ, this comparison is invariably made pointwise. This paper argues that the comparison can also be made in a suitably defined L^p sense for every 1 ≤ p < ∞ and that, in this perspective, inequalities of Hardy, Sobolev or Morrey type account for the fact that sub |x|^−N/p growth of ∇u in the L^p sense implies sub |x|^1−N/p growth of u in the L^q sense for well chosen values of q.

By investigating how sub |x|^s growth of ∇^ku in the L^p sense implies sub |x|^s+j growth of ∇^k−ju in the L^q sense for (almost) arbitrary s ∈ ℝ and for q in a p-dependent range of values, a family of higher order Hardy/Sobolev/Morrey type inequalities is obtained, under optimal integrability assumptions.

These optimal inequalities take the form of estimates for ∇^k−j(u − π_u), 1 ≤ j ≤ k, where π_u is a suitable polynomial of degree at most k − 1, which is unique if and only if s < −k. More generally, it can be chosen independent of (s,p) when s remains in the same connected component of ℝ\{−k,…,−1}.

For 0 < α, λ ≤ 1, the Lerch zeta-function is defined by L(s; α, λ) := ∑^∞_n=0 e^2πiλn (n + α)^−s, where σ > 1. In this paper, we prove joint universality for Lerch zeta-functions with distinct λ₁,…,λ_m and transcendental α.

A normal projective non-Gorenstein log-terminal surface S is called a log del Pezzo surface of index three if the three-times of the anti-canonical divisor −3K_S is an ample Cartier divisor. We classify all log del Pezzo surfaces of index three. The technique for the classification is based on the argument of Nakayama.

In 1955, Gottschalk and Hedlund introduced in their book that Jones constructed a minimal homeomorphism whose minimal set is connectd but not path-connected and contains infinitely many arcs. However the homeomorphism is defined only on this set. In 1991, Walker first constructed a homeomorphism of S¹ × R with such a minimal set. In this paper, we will show that Walker's homeomorphism cannot be a diffeomorphism (Theorem 2). Furthermore, we will construct a C^∞ diffeomorphism of S¹ × R with a compact connected but not path-connected minimal set containing arcs (Theorem 1) by using the approximation by conjugation method.

We study the fundamental groups of (the complements of) plane complex curves defined by equations of the form f(y) = g(x), where f and g are polynomials with real coefficients and real roots (so-called ℝ-join-type curves). For generic (respectively, semi-generic) such polynomials, the groups in question are already considered in [6] (respectively, in [3]). In the present paper, we compute the fundamental groups of ℝ-join-type curves under a simple arithmetic condition on the multiplicities of the roots of f and g without assuming any (semi-)genericity condition.

For a regularly locally compact topological space X of T₀ separation axiom but not necessarily Hausdorff, we consider a map σ from X to the hyperspace C(X) of all closed subsets of X by taking the closure of each point of X. By providing the Thurston topology for C(X), we see that σ is a topological embedding, and by taking the closure of σ(X) with respect to the Chabauty topology, we have the Hausdorff compactification $\widehat X$ of X. In this paper, we investigate properties of $\widehat X$ and C($\widehat X$) equipped with different topologies. In particular, we consider a condition under which a self-homeomorphism of a closed subspace of C(X) with respect to the Chabauty topology is a self-homeomorphism in the Thurston topology.

This paper studies the question of when the Rees algebras associated to arbitrary filtration of ideals are sequentially Cohen–Macaulay. Although this problem has been already investigated by [CGT], their situation is quite a bit of restricted, so we are eager to try the generalization of their results.

We give an explicit formula for the L² analytic torsion of the finite metric cone over an oriented compact connected Riemannian manifold. We provide an interpretation of the different factors appearing in this formula. We prove that the analytic torsion of the cone is the finite part of the limit obtained collapsing one of the boundaries, of the ratio of the analytic torsion of the frustum to a regularising factor. We show that the regularising factor comes from the set of the non square integrable eigenfunctions of the Laplace Beltrami operator on the cone.

This paper studies the stability of a stationary solution of the Navier–Stokes system in 3-D exterior domains. The stationary solution is called a Leray's stationary solution if the Dirichlet integral is finite. We apply an energy inequality and maximal L^p-in-time regularity for Hilbert space-valued functions to derive the decay rate with respect to time of energy solutions to a perturbed Navier–Stokes system governing a Leray's stationary solution.

We study a family of piecewise expanding maps on the plane, generated by composition of a rotation and an expansive similitude of expansion constant β. We give two constants B₁ and B₂ depending only on the fundamental domain that if β > B₁ then the expanding map has a unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure, and if β > B₂ then it is equivalent to 2-dimensional Lebesgue measure. Restricting to a rotation generated by q-th root of unity ζ with all parameters in ℚ(ζ,β), the map gives rise to a sofic system when cos(2π/q) ∈ ℚ(β) and β is a Pisot number. It is also shown that the condition cos(2π/q) ∈ ℚ(β) is necessary by giving a family of non-sofic systems for q = 5.

In a previous work, the authors introduced the notion of ‘coherent tangent bundle’, which is useful for giving a treatment of singularities of smooth maps without ambient spaces. Two different types of Gauss–Bonnet formulas on coherent tangent bundles on 2-dimensional manifolds were proven, and several applications to surface theory were given.

Let Mⁿ (n ≥ 2) be an oriented compact n-manifold without boundary and TMⁿ its tangent bundle. Let ℰ be a vector bundle of rank n over Mⁿ, and φ: TMⁿ → ℰ an oriented vector bundle homomorphism. In this paper, we show that one of these two Gauss–Bonnet formulas can be generalized to an index formula for the bundle homomorphism φ under the assumption that φ admits only certain kinds of generic singularities.

We shall give several applications to hypersurface theory. Moreover, as an application for intrinsic geometry, we also give a characterization of the class of positive semi-definite metrics (called Kossowski metrics) which can be realized as the induced metrics of the coherent tangent bundles.