Introduction: Cough variant asthma (CVA) and
asthma account for a large proportion of patients
with chronic cough. We used hierarchical cluster
analysis (HCA) to characterize the phenotypes of
patients with cough, mainly those with CVA, who
showed a rapid response to asthma therapy, and
sought to identify simple diagnostic markers.
Methods: Patients who initially presented with
cough as the main symptom were retrospectively
enrolled. Those who were clinically diagnosed with
asthma/CVA were selected and analyzed. HCA
was performed and the patients were classified by
phenotype.
Results: HCA identified the five following phenotypes
among the 221 participants: highly eosinophilic
bronchitis [high fractional exhaled nitric
oxide (FeNO) , n = 28]; atopic [high total serum IgE ,
n = 23]; non-atopic and non-eosinophilic [n = 104];
distal airway narrowing [low FEF75 (V・ ₂₅), n = 21]
and severely atopic [extremely high total serum
IgE and/or extreme high FeNO, n = 45]. No significant
differences in long-term prognosis were found
among the phenotypes.
Discussion: Five phenotypes were identified among
patients with cough who showed a rapid response
to asthma treatment. Wheezing was observed in
about 24% of patients, and abnormal FeNO or V ・ ₂₅
levels in about 30%.
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