In this study, the observation of powders with a scanning electron microscope, compressive strength tests, and shear adhesion tests were carried out using clinical powder-to-liquid ratios of two commercial polycarboxylate type cements, with the materials for abutment and provisional restoration as adherents. In addition, the adherent interfaces after the shear adhesion tests were also observed by scanning electron microscopy. As a result, differences in the blending ratio between different powder particle sizes and the influence on the measurement error accompanying them were suggested. There were no significant differences in compressive strength between the control groups and experimental groups of the same temporary luting cement. However, groups of hard cement showed a significantly higher compressive strength than most groups of soft cement. In the shear adhesion tests, the adhesion strength to the composite resin for abutment was significantly higher in most groups of the powder-to-liquid ratios regardless of the types of cements. In the interface observation using the scanning electron microscope after the shear adhesion tests, cohesive failure in the cement layer was found mainly in the composite resin for abutment.