Capsules enclosed by a lipid bilayer can change their shapes in response to local flows under mechanical conditions which keep. Their volume and surface area constant. In our study, a 2-D simulation was conducted to investigate deformations of the lipid bilayer capsule. Immersed-Boundary method(IBM) would be one of candidates to Simulate the deformable capsule. However, IBM has some weak points about its accuracy; for example, fluids leak through its interface from a high pressure side to the lower side. Thus, we adopted Immersed Interface method(IM) proposed by Leveque et al. To verify our IIM code and compare the efficiency of IIM against IBM, we carried out to simulate the -shape oscillatory, dumping behavior of the swelled elastic capsule by using IIM and IBM. From an analysis of dumping oscillation with different grid resolutions, the validity of our scheme has been shown.

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Efficient simulations of seepage flow and convection/diffusion transportation are very important for various types of environmental assessment such as deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Because the time scale of such seepage flow process is typically longer than 106 years, experimental study is difficult. Very fine mesh resolution is required in order to simulate the heterogeneousness of the field. This paper describes a new seepage flow analysis method that can consider the probability of parameters. We have attained the increase in efficiency of calculation by improving the preconditioning and the CG method using the feature of a Stochastic Finite Element Method.

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A review of the past and current trends in CAD is presented. An approach used in our ongoing project is discussed. Our final goal is primarily focused on developing a shape modeling system for solving the problems of surface generation and enhancement, which includes volume modeling, polygon generation from unorganized points, shape smoothing, simplification, and improvement of mesh quality parameters of 3D polygonal sets.

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This paper consist of two parts. In the first part 3D real-time animation of deform able objects is introduced. The ability to transform the shape of a surface is useful in animation, especially for facial simulation. CSRBF functions are used with special optimizations to perform local smooth deformations and Kochanek-Bartels interpolating spline is used for animating the movement and quaternion calculus is used for animating the rotation. In the second part of the paper a novel collision-detection method is introduced. This new method allows fast collision query response. Most algorithms described in the literature deal with rigid bodies and are based on some kind of hierarchical representations. We present the alternative approach. The algorithm relies on the idea of "sensor particles": interacting particles distributed on a surface. Two types of particles that interact in a special way are used for determining the minimum distance between two models.

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Adsorption processes between a silica cluster and a poly-(p-phenylene pyromellitimide) substrate are investigated by the atomistic calculations combining with the semi-empirical molecular orbital method and the algorisms that can fmd minimum energy paths in the chemical bonding process. Especially, the activation and sorption energies in the reactions are estimated from the optimal reaction path. From the simulations, we fmd that the chemical bonding occurs between a silica cluster and polyimide substrate surface, and the sorption energy defined by the sum of physisorption and chemisorption energy are evaluated. Moreover, we discuss the interfacial strength of silica/polyimide substrate using the optimal minimum energy paths.

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In recent years, some new techniques in computational solid mechanics and optimization have been developed to meet the growing requirement of research and engineering applications of composite materials and composite structures. In this article, to focus on the following three problems, I.e., the identification of impact force acting on laminated plates; the prediction of elastic properties of carbon nanotube composites and wave propagation analysis of laminates, some new research outcomes in the computational solid mechanics and optimization are reported.

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The formation of nanocrystalline (NC) structure in steels by ball milling, shot peening and drilling were. Studied. The NC structure with equiaxed ferrite grains of 20 nm formed with boundaries from deformed structure regions by these methods. The NC layers showed extremely higher hardness, than that of deformed structure regions. By annealing, the NS layers showed substantially slow grain growth without recrystallization. The temperature of specimens during ball milling and shot peening was low and deformation was done in ferrite state. While, in drilling the microstructure indicated that the temperature of drill hole surface region was above A,3 and the NC structure formed in austenite condition. It is recognized that NC structure formed by these methods has similar characteristics irrespective of the deformation temperature.

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