From a securing of metal resources viewpoint, recycling system from small home appliances is required. Therefore,collection and deliveiy system of them and recovery technologies of rare metals are studied. On the existing collection and deliveiy system, small home appliances are usually collected as non-burnable garbage, and oversized trash. So, we have examined the onstruction of the recycling system for small home appliances which minimize the construction of new collection and delivery system and investments in facilities.In this paper, for developing that recycling system, we describe surveys on the actual conditions how local governments treat small home appliances and verification tests on the recycle system from them, using the private facilities one of the established infrastructures

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Teshima waste disposal project has been done as a solution of the illegal industrial waste dumping occurred in Teshima-island, Kagawa Prefecture since 2003. The role of the watch of the project is requested by the resident living in Teshima-island and Naoshima-island. 0n the other hand, disclosing useful information for the understanding this project is by whom is the entrepreneur needed in Kagawa Prefecture. Both of information matched to the progress of the project, Co-creation system is thought to be necessary by such correspondence. We have aimed to practice what we can do as an engineer, and we made the 3D model of the waste dumping place to show how the project has progressed. The goal Of our study is to prevent illegal dumping and to accumulate data about l'eshima waste disposal project. In this report, we show development of 3D modeling method ofTeshima waste disposal project by GIS.

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In this paper, we introduced "Quantity assessment of Automobile DfE", which was aimed at being able to reduce environmental impact and improve recycling rates. In order to attain it, we disassembled seven gasoline-powered cars including a minivehicle, a hybrid car, and an electric vehicle, and explored its tendency. As a result of analysis, the following clarified. (1)lf it is a new car, it progresses Aluminum-ization to decrease its weights Therefore, the CO_2 cost per kg at manufacturing stage is becoming high. (2) In the vehicles with same displacement volume, although the environmental impact at the time of manufacture and abandonment is high in new vehicles, when based on a use stage, an environmental side has a merit.(3) When it compares about a different vehicle type, a minivehicle has a merit in respect of environment from other vehicle types.(4) When based on a use stage also in HEV and EV, there is a merit in respect of environment

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To construct the Sustainable Society, the importance of consideration to 3R (Reduce , Reuse , Recycle) in the design phase increases in various industrial products. Concerning Reuse and Recycle, the improvement of the disassembly property is important. Then we develop the quantity disassembly property assessment method Disassembly Property Index (DPI)・one of the DfE (Design for Environment) supporting tool. In this paper, we conduct the experiment to crush and sorting domestic appliances. It makes possible to evaluate crush and sorting process of each injection domestic appliances economically and environmentally. And we compare resource value of domestic appliances before and after experiment using data base which contains material information (Fe, Cu, Al…etc).ownership ratio and the life of domestic appliances

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Effective use of food waste is needed from a viewpoint of recycling and energy utilization system. But, it is in the situation which is hard to say that sufficient measure is progressing, because of not to have evaluated objectively superiority such as recycling and energy utilization system, to differ in the conditions of a systems configuration with the local characteristic and so on. Therefore, in order to examine the effective use of food waste generated in urban areas, the recycling and energy utilization system was evaluated by LCA. First, we hypothesized that it is an efficient system of cooperation with existing infrastructure. And, we have estimated the environmental impact of various cases. As a result, we found that the sewage treatment plant to work with is more effective than a single installation of methane fermentation facility

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A demonstration examination was conducted to establish a technology for producing high quality biodiesel fuels consisting of olefin and paraffin from the waste food oils in the catalytic cracking method in which the newly developed catalyst is applied. A demonstration facility having a waste food oil processing capacity of 5L/h, and consisting of a catalytic reactor and fractionators was designed and constructed. Then the examination has led to an achievement of a biodiesel yield of approx.60% in weight and 67% in heat (calculated at 87% in heat when other components are included). Moreover, the quality of the biodiesel fuel complied with all regulations in the diesel fuel quality standards. A chassis dynamometer test in EC mode was conducted using a common rail engine vehicle. The fuel was a light oil blended with biodiesel fuel in content of 30%. The blended fuel was on a par with a commercially- available light oil in terms of fuel consumption rate, NOx emission and PM emission

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We have developed a new exhaust-gas treatment system using ceramic filters with a sodium react ant that removes particulates and acid gases in the temperature range of 300℃. This system has been applied to a kiln-type pyrolysis gas melting plant for MSW (70t/24h x 2 units),As the heat source for the pyrolysis, this plant uses the exhaust from burning the combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis process. This new filtration system lias been applied to this exhaust gas at the temperature range of 300℃ for the removal of the particulates and acid gases. The filter element is made of sintered materials (produced by Kyocera Co.) and is stronger than thosemade of fabrics.This plant began an operation with load in June of 2005. The pressure loss of ceramic filter is approximately 3.0 kPa at the filtration, speed of 1.4 m/min, approximately 7 years after startup, and the operation has been continuing in a stabilized manner. Also, used filter is renewable by washing, so the filter can be, used for long period

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NOx emitted from a stationary diesel engine generator was treated wdth a hybrid system comprising NOx reduction by nonthermal plasma (NTP) and NOx adsorption-desorption. Adsorption-desorption system produces highly concentrated NOx, which is effectively reduced by NTP treatment. Improved treatment performance and efficiency are achieved by re-injecting the NTP-treated gas mixture into the engine intake. The system comprises two switchable adsorption chambers; the operation of this system was simulated by using a one-chamber system. The maximum energy efficiency for NOx treatment is 200 g(NO2)/kWh

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Catalytic aflertreatment technology for exhaust gas emitted from fossil fuel combustor or combustion engines is now approaching to a practical limit because the temperature of exhaust gases decreases with increase in the fuel combustion efficiency. Further, the prices of rare or precious metals are significantly increasing. Therefore,nonthermal plasma aftertreatment becomes more important in a near future. In this paper, our recent experimental achievements on plasma emission control for diesel engines and combustor is reviewed

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A unique SNCR system by activated ammonia injection using an intermittent dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)has been developed to remove NOx from an incinerator. However, the NOx reduction mechanisms are not elucidated so far. .In this paper, chemical species in the activated ammonia was investigated at the DBD reactor exit. Hydrogen was detected as main composition of the activated ammonia. The simulation gas of the activated ammonia (NH3+H2) was prepared to be clear the contribution of hydrogen, and the deNOx performance of the simulation gas was examined. It found that hydrogen has the role of enlargement of temperature window in deNOx reaction. DeNOx mechanisms were concerned using elementary reaction analysis based on Miller & Bowman mechanism. It was clear that formation of HNO and NH from hydrogen in the activated ammonia promoted deNOx reaction at low temperature region

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Diesel particulate matter exhausted from marine diesel engine during the combustion process cause a various human health and environment impacts. Many methods were applied to control mass concentration of particulate matter from diesel exhaust gas.Many studies of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) were reported to collect 10w resistive particles generated from diesel engine. This research has been developed an after treatment system for removal of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel engine. The system is composed of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and a high-frequency dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. A single stage type of ESP was used in this research. The objective is to investigate experimentally DBD reactor's performance on removal of diesel particulate. In the DBD reactor, the air is activated by discharge and produces ozone, oxygen radical and nitrogen radical, resulting the diesel particulates are oxidized under low temperature condition

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Every year, stricter regulations are imposed on diesel engine emissions. It is difficult to satisfy these regulations only by improving the combustion improvement techniques in the near future. To overcome the problem, a treatment method of diesel particulate matter (PM) using ozone at a relatively low temperature is proposed. An experimental evaluation of a diesel particulate filer (DPF) is performed by regulating the exhaust gas temperature. From the evaluation, the DPF regeneration is achieved at the 180, 250 and 290°C. Among them, the highest performance of the DPF regeneration is achieved at 250°C with the efficiency of 7.10 g(PM)/kWh. The plasma energy required for DPF regeneration is only 0.24% of the power generated by the engine

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To broaden and lower the temperature window of the selective non catalytic reduction (SNCR) of nitric oxide (NO), the use of activated ammonia as the reduction agent was examined. A xenon excimer lamp emitting a wavelength of 172 nm (i.e., vacuum ultraviolet; VUV) was employed as the excitation source for molecular ammonia The effects of reaction temperatures, oxygen concentrations, and length between an excimer lamp and a reactor on NO removal were investigated in a lab-scale plug flow reactor.

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Influenza pandemic is one of the biggest threats to not only human being but also other living beings, such as birds and cows. Air cleaners using plasma have been commercialized and expec ted to prevent infection of virus, although their effect has not been verified yet. Plasma has been proven to be capable of sterilizing pathogenic bacteria with low temperature, low cost and safely, but the effect of plasma on virus inactivation has not been known yet because the authorized verification protcol for plasma inactivation method has not been established. At present, a method to transmit the virus to cells is used as an inspection method. To apply this inspection method to the verification protocol, it is necessary to examine the influence of the plasma on cell viability.In this study, we focused on how the chemical species generated by a plasma flow have effects on viability of MDCK cells, which will be used as a host cell.

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Medical equipments are generally sterilized by high pressure steam and ethylene oxide gas methods which allow a large amount of instruments in a vessel to be sterilized at once. However, high pressure steam needs more than 121°C and 2 atm, and the ethylene oxide gas is a toxic substance and takes about one week for aeration. Therefore, development of new sterilization method with safety, low-temperature・ and lower cost is expected. Plasma sterilization devices are considered to be possible to operate with low-temperature, shorter time, low-cost and safety. In this study, plasma sterilization methods in air at atmospheric pressure have been developed. In the case of air, the spores of Geobacillus stearot加rmophilus were sterilized with 5 log scale reduction in 10 min, and it was clarified that the important sterilization factor is NO2 using a NO2 mixed argon gas.

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A continuous photograph of a streamer propagation process in water was successfully observed using a nano-pulse discharge system, an ultra high speed camera system with a microscope lens and a phase shift type Mach-Zehnder interferometer. After the initiation process of 600 ns - 800 ns from the applying voltage of 16 kV0p-17.5 kV0p, a primary streamer was occurred. It accompanied with a shock wave and the period of the propagation was several hundred ns. The propagation velocity of the primary streamer was around 1.5 km/s.

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There are serious problems of water pollution in the world. Recently, the conventional chemical treatment has been replaced by the water treatment system using plasma・ In this study, a method for decomposing organic compound by spraying solution as mist into reactive plasma directly is investigated,using mist flow plasma reactor originally developed. Reactive plasma is generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) on tube inner wall. The atomized solution in micro size is introduced into the mist flow plasma reactor and is treated by ozone, free radicals and ultraviolet rays. Dissolved chemical species like H2O2, reactive oxidation species, O3, NO3-, pH, and conductivity is measured as liquid property. In addition, the decomposition characteristics of this method are experimentally clarified through decolonization experiments of methylene blue solution.

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Recently, advanced water treatment technology has been studied for effective utilization of O and OH radicals which have stronger oxidation potential than ozone. They can decompose persistent substance, such as dioxin. In this study, the characteristics of multiple bubble jet il! which streamer is generated by DC pulsed discharge, are experimentally clarified through decomposition of acetic acid solution as a persistent substance. The concentration of acetic acid is 23-27 mgtoc/l in 550 ml solution, feeding gas is argon and operation time is 60 min. The acetic acid solution is successfully decomposed by OH radical in present multiple bubble jet system. The optimization frequency is found to be 800 Hz for acetic acid decomposition.

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This paper describes the fundamental investigations for developing new technology using cavitation bubbles, microbubbles and pressure waves. The absorbance change of the aqueous solution of methylene blue was examined to quantify water treatment efficiency. Also, influence of cavitation bubbles and micro bubbles on the efficiency of methylene blue were examined. In addition, the influence of pressure waves on cavitation bubbles was investigated. As the result, it was found that (1) the efficiency was decreased by adding microbubbles to cavitation bubbles, (2) the efficiency in the cavitation flow depends on the quantity of cavitation bubbles, (3) by working pressure waves on cavitation flow, the collapsing pressure becomes larger, and the frequency of collapsing bubbles becomes higher.

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Underwater shock wave, generated by the imploding detonation of propane-oxygen mixture, was applied to treatment microbe. We filled the water containing microbe into a stainless steel pipe having inner diameter of 1 0.9 mm, and transmitted the underwater shock waves which have the maximum pressure of about lOOMPa. As microbe of the treatment experiments, Microcystis sp. were used. Although the maximum mortality rate of Microcystis sp. was 99.9% in one day after processing, it turned out that it becomes 100% in one week after processing. The mortality rate became small when the value of the consistency of Microcystis sp. was large.

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Ultra-high pressure underwater shock waves were applied to treatment microbe. The imploding detonation of propane-oxygen mixture was used to generate underwater shock wave in a sample holder an inner diameter of 10.9 mm. We investigated the imploding detonation wave in approximately cone-shaped combustion chamber having maximum inner diameter of 60 mm and generated underwater shock waves of 100 MPa, 50 MPa and 25 MPa at maximum pressure. As microbe of the treatment experiments, dehydrated eggs, or cysts, 0f Artemia salina were used. As a result, there was the case that small percent of hatch ability and it was suggested that pressing speed of underwater shock wave had an influence on Artemia salina.

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The greenhouse gas emissions froom small wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Japan were studied within the confine of the operation phase of the WWTPs. As the oxidation ditch process (OD)has been adopted mostly in small scale wastewater treatment plants, our study focusing on WWTPs using OD process as an water treatment method. The ratios of greenhouse gas emission to total treated wastewater of WWTPs declined over the first five-year.

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NOx and voc emission have been reduced during past decade, however, the number of high Ox days has not decreased in Osaka area. In this study, we executed a series of numerical simulation of photochemical air pollution by using WRF/Chem under the typical mid-summer condition, and investigated the distribution of photochemical regime and characteristic of some photochemical indicators which can be used as a reference of regulation policy making. We also investigated the effect of current voc reduction policy. It was found that the most of Osaka area is VOC-sensitive, so the current voc reduction policy will be effective in reducing photochemical Ox in the area, however, environmental quality standard for Ox cannot be achieved solely by this regulation.

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12ch4 and 13ch4 were measured by wavelength modulation spectroscopy and a Herriott-type multi-pass cell with an optical path length of 29.9 m using a distributed feedback laser diode in the 2.4-μm wavelength region. 10 select the appropriate absorption lines for isotope ratio measurement, we comparatively analyzed the absorption spectra of 12CH4 and 13CH4 measured using their pure samples in the wavelength range of 4147 - 4154 cm-1 because the available molecular spectroscopy database does not explicitly list the data for 13ch4 in this region.Resultantly we found two well-isolated lines of 12CH4 at 4151.845 cm-1 and 13ch4 at 4151.966 cm-1. The wavelength modulation spectrum of 1020 ppm ch4 in synthetic air obtained at 10 kPa indicates that the selected lines are capable of determining the stable carbon ratio in CH4.

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The behavior ofbreathing i pollen was studied by numerical calculations and measurements with a phantom model. The preliminary experiments were carried out by using 2-D cylindrical model to confirm the validity of the present numerical calculation method. The velocity profiles around Ihe nose of the phantom model were optically measured and numerically calculated. The influence of the suction air velocity through the phantom nostril is cleared by this measurements and calculations, when the phantom model breathes in (pollen) particles. The rate of the (pollen) particles in suction air into the nostril is influenced by this suction air velocity. This rate increases as the suction air velocity is faster, but this rilte is nearly constant in more than die suction air velocity Vs=1.Om/s.

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LED is very weak in the case where it is to expose the hot environments. It maybe predicted that the deterioration of Diode as one of the elements of LED may occur in environments of more than about 80 ℃.The performance and lifetime of LED considerably go down under such high temperature environments. So, we have developed the radiatin cooling technique for releasing much quantities of heat produced from LED lamp to the outside environments using Aprm radiant materials (commercial name). The radiation cooling effect of Aprm radiant materials makes it possible to decrease the temperature of Diode, at least, within the range of about 20%, comparing with that in the case of without Apnn radiant materials. This fact indicates that the radiation cooling by Aprm radiant materials are very useful for releasing much quantities of heat generated from Diode.

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Bio diesel fuel BDF is obtaining recognition in Japan as a renewable fuel which can be used as an alternative fuel without any modifications of diesel engine. We are making and testing bio diesel fuel (BDF) made from an alcohol (reagent methanol or industrial ethanol) and waste edible oils (soybean, palm oil, mixture of beef tallow and rapeseed oil). The test quantities of the six BDFs (methyl and ethyl esters) were processed in a batch type reactor. We experimentally evaluate a performance and exhaust emissions of a single -cylinder, four stroke direct-injection type diesel engine with no modifications operating on BDFs. Comparison of each fuel in engine performance and emission tests are reported in present paper.

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The solar thermal energy system is expected to have immediate and positive effect as for global warming measures. However, the market is shrinking recently, because the introductory effect is not clear to the user. In this research, we developed a simple software which can simulate the introductory effect according to domestic hot-water demand. The simulation can be performed by inputting the method of bathing and a family's number s a demand side and inputting living area, the angle of the roof, etc. from the supply side. The simulation of a business-use institution is also possible by directly inputting the hot-water demand. Moreover, we economically evaluated the introduction of the solar collectors by using the software and proposed the state of the bounty system required for spreading them.

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The thermosyphon can operate without an external power supply, and has simple structure. Therefore, thermosyphon can reduce energy consumption and CO_2 emissions. Ito et al. developed a device in which the reservoir and the condenser are separated. Using this device, it was possible to drastically reduce the time ofonset circulation. The solar input energy varies time to time. Therefore, the start-up condition of the system and the transient behavior against varying heat input are important sut!jects and those were studied in this paper. The main results are as following. First, thermosyphon showed good response to the stepwise variation with 200W amplitude. Second, thermosyphon can be driven by the heat input as low as 40 W.

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Solar thermosyphon can transport heat without using additional power input. We built up an experimental set up of solar thermosyphon on a model house. The working fluid, water, is heated by solar irradiation in the thermal collector on the roof of the model house. The heat is transported to the heat exchanger which is set 4m lower than the thermal collector. In this paper we examined the influence of check valve and city water flow rate on operating characteristics of solar thermosyphon.

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In order to prevent the global warming, the emission of greenhouse gases must be reduced. In the public transportation, an electric bus is suitable for realizing this. However, electric vehicles have been limited to political uses in public corporations due to the constraint of the battery weight. Therefore, the electric bus system charged at every bus stop has been proposed. In addition, the charging of electric power generated from green energy sources has been proposed. One of the characteristics is light weight of the storage device. A simulator calculating the consumption energy between bus stops is required in order to utilize this advantage. Though authors have developed the simulator using a single-seat electric vehicle, the effect of the number of passengers can not have been confirmed. Then, the effect on the consumption energy is examined using the minivan converted into the electric vehicle, and the relation is clarified.

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These days, There are a lot of environmental problems which we should solve, so we must use renewable energy, One of renewable energy is solar energy. The amount of solar energy is infinite. In addition, solar energy is no risk of environmental pollution when we use. Though, solar irradiation depends on climates so it is unstable energy source. So, we should simulate efficient plan and control. For this reason, we aim at constructing high precision Mathematical model. In this essay, we have constructed Mathematical model of flat plate water collector and evacuated glass tube solar collector. In addition, we have xperimented and validated Mathematical model.

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The propose of this study is evaluating characteristics for wall-mounted PV arrays of west wall. The building wall is facing the West Rating power of CIS array is 1.7 kWp and that of u-Si array is 5.2kWp. We tried to investigate irradiance distribution of height direction on the building's wall. We compared wall irradiance with rooftop irradiance. As a result, West wall was able to obtain solar energy almost half amount of rooftop's horizon surface. Moreover, incident angle calibration and relative transmittance was discussed to calculate effective conversion efficiency of PV arrays on the west wall. Module's back temperature on the rooftop and on the west wall is shown and some I-V curves are represented.

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The purpose of our study is effective energy conversion from geothermal resources. But most of the geothermal resources are liquid dominated. Though the turbomachinery is not suitable for wet steam, helical screw expander is studied to apply the total flow power conversion machine. Theoretical work and efficiency were calculated using already proposed practical formula. If the operating conditions are not equal to the design conditions, the influences are greater at low dryness region. Then, it is necessary to understand the overview of the performance using practical formula before detailed design of total flow screw expander.

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The purpose of this paper is to design a low-carbon energy system for Japan considering growth in energy demand, changes in energy resource prices and technological learning of energy conversion technologies. An energy-economic model is used to simulate total primary energy supply until 2050. The model makes use of market equilibrium in energy prices. For the CO_2 constraint scenario, coal becomes the main energy resource due to its low resource price. CO_2 emission reduction is only achieved in the case of decrease in energy demand. ln other cases, increase in CO_2 emission varies n¬om 523 t0 1275 Mt-CO_2 from the 2009 level. On the other hand, in the case of CO_2 emission constraint scenario results show transition in primary energy sources towards natural gas or wind. Introduction of wind power in "with learning-by-doing" case is encouraged compared to the reference case. This study implies that technological learning is effective in spurring penetration of renewable energy technologies.

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It is thought that plants have evolved to modulate the amount of light received by the leaves in order to competition for survival. Investigation of a plant shoot configuration is used to obtain valuable information concerning the received light system. As an example, it is thought that the leaves of various shape has a role important about die received light characteristics of the plant individual. In this research, we performed a numerical experiment that simulates the plant shoot by using a genetic algorithm analysis program in order to investigate the received light characteristics of a plant shoot. As a result, the relation between the placement of plant shoot of various shapes and the light-receiving amount is clarified.

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In most of conventional ice making systems, ice formation rate reduces with increase in thickness of ice formed on a cooling surface, and since some sort of external force or heat is required to remove ice from the cooling surface, ice formation and recovery of the formed ice cannot be simultaneously carried out. Thus, to solve the above problems simultaneously, new continuous ice making system using a metallic belt with a forward constant velocity was proposed and its ice making characteristics were clarified. However, in the case of the forward constant belt velocity, the belt velocity must be decreased to extend a contact time between the cooling block and belt. In this paper, to extend the contact time without decreasing in the belt velocity, ice was continuously made, moving die belt in the forward and reverse directions under the fixed period. And at that time, the contact thermal resistance between the cooling block and belt was investigated and its ice making characteristics were clarified.

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Storage-type water heating systems have been used widely in residential applications, and it is important to make the sizes of storage tanks smaller for space saving・ One of the ways to realize that is to incorporate phase change materials (PCMs) into the tanks and increase the density of stored heat by utilizing the latent heat of PCMs. In this paper, the performance of a water heating system with a storage tank using a PCM is analyzed by numerical simulation. A simulation model is presented for a CO_2 heat p11"ip water heating system, and a numerical study is conducted to compare the performance of the systems with and without the PCM. Through the study, it is shown that a change in the temperatur distribution in the storage tank contributes to the performance enhancement, and that the performance of the former system is superior to that of the latter system in terms of both the amount of hot water available and the system efficiency.

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A fluid mixture of gas and water, pressurized and cooled to a certain pressure and temperature, gas hydrate is produced. By heating the gas hydrate after the formation, extremely high pressure gas can be obtained by hydrate dissociation. This study aims the pressure obtained by dissociation of gas hydrate, drives a high-pressure gas engine generators as distributed power. Gas hydrate has a function of the energy storage capabilities and the working fluid. However, the actuator using the expansion properties dissociation of gas hydrate does not have any examples for previous discussion. This paper focuses on CO_2 hydrate. Then the expansive energy dissociation of CO_2 hydrate formation rate of hydrates storage capacity is investigated. As a result, it is proved an electric power corresponding to approximately 45% of the daily power consumption (4.5 kWh of generator outputs) of an individual house is stored, when I m3 of water is used to generate CO_2 hydrate for 480 minutes.

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In fluid dynamics, CFD(ComputionaI Fluid Dynamics) and measurements hava been used for estimating flow fields. However, CFD has inevitably errors accompanied by boundary condition, discretization and numerical calculation, and measurements include missing data and some errors involving their methods. In this study, cost function which consists of errors of basic equations and of errors measured data was proposed to correct measurements using governing equations in room heat environment and understand both flow and scalar field accurately. As a result, it was confirmed that Cost Function Method is effective to estimate velocity and temperature if boundaiy condition is settled improperly in CFD.

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The purpose of this paper is the designing of a district heating system considering the regional characteristics with renewable energy resources. The system is analyzed in terms of fossil fuel and CO_2 reduction. As a case study, a district heating system with municipal solid waste and woody biomass in Miyako city is set up. Results of analysis indicates that the system contributes for realize low carbon society, and improvement ofboiler and pipeline is effective is important for system.

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Since frosting to a cooling solid surface has caused many serious accidents accompanying economic losses, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of frosting to the cooling solid surface both scientifically and technologically. Thus, at first clarification of frosting from generation to primary stage of growth is very important. And considering the size of frost crystals in the primary stage, it is essential to investigate frost crystals in micro scale field. In this paper, using a scanning probe microscope (SPM), frost crystal dimensions/structure/distribution and scraping force of forest ciystals were measured by authors' proposed method, varying the cooling solid surface temperatures. And then, the correlation among frost crystal dimensions/structure/distribution and scraping force of forest crystals were clarified.

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Recently, the energy saving is requested from correspondence to the global warming issue in all fields. However, it is difficult to assess the performance of the energy system, and civilian facilities are not established clear criteria. Waseda University is also required to reduce greenhouse gas. In this report, we investigated the possibility of energy-saving in the university campus based on a survey evaluation and a simulation . In this report, in addition to measurement of the energy system in the Honjo Waseda campus of Waseda University, Based on survey evaluation of the operation of lighting and air-conditioning, the staying-in-the-room number, etc, we proposed energy saving from supply-and-demand both sides. And we examined the reduction effect of an employment improvement and quipment replacement of heat pump.

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The absorption chiller-heater doesn't require Freon gas as refrigerant and is driven by the clean energy, natural gas. Therefore it has been widely used in Japan. In particular, after the Great East Earthquake, it is getting a lot of attention in terms of electricity shortage and the promotion of effective utilization of renewable energy like solar energy. This paper describes the high annual performance model, the triple effect chiller-heater, and the solar cooling system as latest technology in the absorption chiller-heater.

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In this study, effectiveness and specific techniques was verified when carrying out energy management of small and medium-scale building cluster by BEMS using IP network. The three types of controls were verified in actual building. [(1)Time program control, (2)Monitoring and control room temperature, and (3)Demand control to set the target value]

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To decrease the power consumption of air-conditioning in the data centers, a packaged air・conditioner that contained the pump cycle was developed. The new air-conditioner has impmved COP when outdoor temperature is especially low. In this report, the performance at the p・mlp cycle was evaluated with a real machine of the test site. As a result of the verification, It was confirmed that cooling capacity was able to control by changing either the amount of the outdoor unit air volume or die pumping frequency.

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Air conditioning systems in data cxalters must be operated year-round due to the exteremly large amount ofheat emitted from the ICT devices. In order to decrease annual energy consumption, it is important to wisely use low temperature outdoor air during the winter from the mid term. In this study, the reduction effect of the power consumption ofeach outside air cooling system was compared by the simulation. And the risk assessment at the time of outside air cooling is also performed.

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A model-based performance monitoring and diagnostic method for a heat exchange process in a distributed energy system is developed. This method compares the values of measured process variables to those estimated by an input-output model to detect performance deterioration, and then identifies its cause by pattern matching with trend database of process variables under typical faults. First, the trend of the process variables of a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger with scale adhesion inside and outside heat-transfer tubes is analyzed through a numerical simulation. The result shows that the representative transfer-tube temperature and differential pressure between inlet and outlet of the heat-transfer tube have distinctive trends under scale adhesion. Moreover, it is revealed that by using the trends of the abovementioned process variables, the scale adhesion inside and outside heat-transfer tubes can be diagnosed, and the scale adhesion and the impulse line blockage in the differential pressure transmitter can be differentiated.

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China is exploring the road of sustainable economic development and economic environment to be compatible. In order to reduce the level Of energy consumption per unit of production, there is a need for high-efficiency energy-saving measures. The Chinese government in the next five-year plan twelfth has been presented as a goal that not only keep 16% of GDP energy consumption reduction, 17% reduction in CO_2 emissions per unit of GDP. In this paper, we intended to be for the energy system in the business facilities,make the development of evaluation methods that can be applied to China in order to respond to these developments. More specifically, on the application to verify the possibility of China with simulation software has been developed in Japan, to conduct a case study for the facility for business in China. As facilities for business in China, located in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, was the target of eco-friendly facilities were introduced heat collectors and solar photovoltaic power generation, geothermal heat pump or the like. More specifically, as well as to estimate the heat load in the same building, was carried out from both the supply and demand assessment and suggestions for improvement to the current system.

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The present paper discusses performance analysis of the combined power generation system with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) - micro gas turbine (MGT) hybrid system and die exhaust heat power generation system (EHPGS) based on a steam turbine (ST). The temperature range of the exhaust gas of the hybrid system is about 200-300°C,and then the effective use of the exhaust heat is significant for the improvement of the power generation system efficiency. The steam engine, which is based on the Rankin cycle using hydrocarbon fluids, is employed in the present study. Throughout the analysis, it is found that the power generation efficiency of the hybrid system is 67%(LHV) under 3.0 of the pressure ratio and 950°C of the cell average temperature. The power generation efficiency of the EHPGS driven with the exhaust heat of the hybrid system is estimated to be almost 10%. Finally, it is predicted that the power generation efficiency of the SOFC-MGT-ST combined system achieves 71%(LHV).

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